Table 2.
Meta-analysis of secondary outcomes
| Outcome or subgroup | Studies (n) | Participants (n) | Effect estimate | 95 % CI | I 2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other estrogens (mean difference) | |||||
| Estrone (pg/ml) | 4 | 973 | −1.67 | −3.62, 0.28 | 0 |
| Estrone sulfate (ng/ml) | 2 | 393 | −0.02 | −0.19, 0.14 | 0 |
| Estriol (NR) | 1 | 79 | 123.90 | −249.69, 497.49 | NA |
| Estrogens – not otherwise specified (pg/ml) | 2 | 89 | 27.80 | −9.76, 65.36 | 94 |
| Estrogen metabolites (standardized mean difference) | |||||
| 2-OHE1 | 3 | 512 | −0.03 | −0.20, 0.15 | 0 |
| 16α-OHE1 | 3 | 512 | 0.03 | −0.15, 0.20 | 1 |
| Total estrogen metabolites concentration (2-OHE1 + 16α-OHE1) | 1 | 32 | 0.37 | −0.33, 1.07 | NA |
| 2-OHE1:16α-OHE1 ratio | 2 | 195 | −0.08 | −0.36, 0.21 | 0 |
| Androgens (mean difference) | |||||
| Total testosterone (ng/dl) | 21 | 1939 | −1.36 | −3.83, 1.11 | 61 |
| Free testosterone (pg/ml) | 9 | 1369 | −0.18 | −0.29, −0.07 | 0 |
| Androstenedione (pg/ml) | 7 | 1187 | –33.87 | −64.44, −3.29 | 9 |
| DHEA (ng/ml) | 4 | 304 | −0.08 | −0.50, 0.35 | 0 |
| DHEA sulfate (μmol/l) | 8 | 697 | −0.31 | −0.57, −0.06 | 0 |
| Sex hormone binding protein (mean difference) (nmol/l) | |||||
| 14 | 1634 | 3.93 | 0.98, 6.87 | 75 | |
| Anthropometric factors (mean difference) | |||||
| Body weight (kg) | 16 | 1737 | −1.83 | −2.86, −0.81 | 45 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20 | 1976 | −0.45 | −0.87, −0.03 | 65 |
| Total body fat (kg) | 10 | 1552 | −2.11 | −3.71, −0.52 | 92 |
| Percent fat mass (%) | 13 | 1563 | −1.28 | −1.95, −0.61 | 54 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 11 | 1274 | −2.23 | −2.97, −1.49 | 34 |
CI confidence interval, DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone, NA not applicable, NR not reported, OHE1 hydroxyestrone