Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies
| Study | Region | RCT | TX N (Total N) | TX age range (M) | TX % male | TX % White | Focal modality | Type of intervention provider | Program duration (minutes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group-delivered interventions
| |||||||||
| Collins, 1990 | North America | Ya | 20 (36) | 16–17 (16.5) | 51 | 45 | PET | Graduate student (Psychology)c | 180 |
| Comeau, 2003 | North America | Y | 69 (135) | NR (15.7) | 49 | 87 | CBT+ MET | 4 clinical therapists (provincial treatment program) and 1 graduate student (Clinical Psychology)c | 180 |
| Cruz, 2006 | North America | Ya | 65 (130) | NR (17) | 50 | 72 | PET | Graduate student (Psychology)c | 60 |
| Dempster et al., 2006 | Europe | Na | 121 (168) | 15–16 (NR) | 100 | NR | PET | “Consultant/senior lecturer in oral surgery and director of dental education”c | 20 |
| Gmel et al., 2012 | Europe | Na | 184 (364) | 15–19 (17) | 64 | NR | MET | “Counselors”- “experienced collaborators from alcohol and drug help information centers”c | 90 |
| Mushquash, 2011 | North America | N | 18 (25) | 14–18 (16) | 37 | 0 | CBT/Skillsb | School guidance counselors and police officers | 180 |
| Quigley, 2010 | Europe | Y | 120 (384) | 11–16 (13.6) | 47 | 72 | CBT/Skills | “Learning mentors” | 40 |
| Wooten, 1995 | North America | Ya | 18 (44) | 13–15 (13.7) | 49 | 62 | CBT/Skills | Graduate student (Psychology)c | 240 |
| Zhang, 2009 | Asia | Na | 290 (610) | NR (15.6) | 52 | NR | PET | High school teachers | 180 |
|
| |||||||||
| Individually-delivered interventions
| |||||||||
| Martínez Martínez et al., 2008a | Latin America | Y | 23 (40) | 14–18 (16) | 57 | 0 | MET | NR | 90 |
| Martínez Martínez, et al., 2008b | Latin America | Y | 13 (23) | 14–18 (NR) | NR | 0 | MET | NR | 90 |
| Martínez Martínez et al., 2010 | Latin America | Y | 20 (38) | 14–18 (16) | 62 | 0 | MET | “Group of trained therapists”c | 90 |
| Martins, 2008 | South America | N | 50 (100) | NR (16.2) | 49 | NR | METb | Research “team members”c | 50 |
| Werch et al., 1996 | North America | Y | 50 (101) | NR (13.8) | 50 | 12 | METb | “Physician or nurse”c | 17.1 |
| Werch et al., 2005a | North America | Y | 100 (201) | NR (17) | 42 | 53 | MET | “Risk reduction interventionist”c | NR |
| Werch et al., 2005b | North America | Y | 145 (289) | NR (13.5) | 48 | 61 | METb | Nursesc | 20.9 |
| Winters et al., 2012 | North America | N | 134 (189) | 13–17 (16.2) | 49 | 66 | MET | 2 therapistsc | 120 |
Note. RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial. TX = Treatment/intervention group. NR = Not reported by study authors. CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy. MET = motivational enhancement therapy. PET = psychoeducational therapy.
a
Indicates program was conducted during classroom time or participants were assigned at the classroom level.
b
Indicates programs used a branded intervention.
c
Indicates implementers were reported as non-school staff.