Table 2.

Hazard of ED closure

	Unadjusted Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Adjusted Hazard Ratio	95% CI
Patient demographics
Percent Race/ethnicity
White (10%)	0.74	[0.69, 0.80]	Ref	--
Blacks (10%)	1.58	[1.33, 1.89]	1.41	[1.16, 1.72]
Hispanics (10%)	1.06	[0.98, 1.16]	0.92	[0.81, 1.05]
All other (10%)	1.10	[1.00, 1.20]	1.00	[0.89, 1.11]
Percent Insurance (%)
Private (10%)	1.10	[0.87, 1.39]	Ref	--
Medicare (10%)	0.90	[0.82, 0.99]	1.00	[0.88, 1.14]
Medi-Cal (10%)	1.18	[1.09, 1.28]	1.17	[1.02, 1.34]
Uninsured (10%)	1.10	[0.87, 1.39]	0.95	[0.69, 1.31]
Other (10%)	1.70	[1.36, 2.12]	1.70	[1.19, 2.42]
Hospital and ED structura features
Total ED visits (per 1000, log-transformed)	0.87	[0.76, 1.01]	0.89	[0.77, 1.02]
Hospital discharges (per 1000, log-transformed)	0.84	[0.74, 0.97]	0.58	[0.46, 0.72]
Trauma center	1.31	[0.76, 2.29]	1.22	[0.64, 2.33]
Teaching Hospital	1.29	[0.65, 2.56]	0.59	[0.24, 1.43]
Ownership
For-Profit	2.14	[1.53, 3.00]	1.65	[1.13, 2.41]
County	2.79	[1.61, 4.84]	0.90	[0.38, 2.15]
Operating Margin	0.43	[0.33, 0.58]	0.43	[0.30, 0.63]
Urbanicity (metro)	1.83	[1.05, 3.22]	1.44	[0.79, 2.63]