Table 1.
Sample characteristics by prenatal alcohol use history, prenatal multivitamin/mineral supplement treatment (MVM), and choline supplement treatment
| Alcohol Exposure Status |
Alcohol Use | Contrast | Group Effects | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=35) | (n=42) | (n=23) | (n=19) | (n=46) | (n=45) | (n=27) | (n=18) | ||
| Measure | No MVM Treatment |
MVM Treatment |
MVM Only |
MVM & Choline |
No MVM Treatment |
MVM Treatment |
MVM Only |
MVM & Choline |
Statistics and p value |
| Maternal Age (Yrs) | 26.2 (5.2) |
25.4 (6.1) |
25.3 (5.9) |
25.6 (6.4) |
27.4 (5.3) |
26.0 (4.7) |
26.1 (4.1) |
25.8 (5.6) |
|
| Paternal Age (Yrs) | 30.5 (5.1) |
30.1 (6.0) |
29.8 (5.5) |
30.4 (6.6) |
28.6 (5.9) |
27.5 (5.5) |
27.3 (4.6) |
27.9 (6.8) |
Alc: F(1,164) = 6.2, p < .014; Alc > No Alc Chol: F(1,84) = 4.3, p < .041; Chol > No Chol |
|
Child’s Gender (%
Male) |
37.1 | 40.5 | 47.8 | 31.6 | 60.9 | 61.4 | 59.3 | 64.7 | Alc: χ = 8.1, p < .005; Alc < No Alc |
|
Marital Status
(% with partner) |
91.4 | 85.7 | 91.3 | 78.9 | 93.5 | 97.7 | 96.3 | 100 | |
|
Parity-Number of
Children |
.40 (.70) |
.60 (.94) |
.57 (.84) |
.63 (1.1) |
1.1 (1.6) |
.84 (1.0) |
.96 (1.1) |
.65 (.79) |
Alc: F(1,164) = 7.0, p < .009; Alc < No Alc |
|
Maternal
Education (years) |
13.1 (2.2) |
12.9 (2.6) |
13.0 (2.3) |
12.7 (2.9) |
14.6 (1.8) |
13.9 (2.3) |
14.0 (2.5) |
13.8 (2.0) |
Alc: F(1,164) = 13.4, p < .000; Alc < No Alc Chol: F(1,84) = 4.0, p < .049; Chol < No Chol |
| Social Class1 | 34.9 (10.3) |
33.1 (9.6) |
32.9 (8.5) |
33.4 (11.0) |
38.5 (10.3) |
36.6 (10.6) |
35.9 (12.0) |
37..8 (8.1) |
Alc: F(1,164) = 5.3, p < .022 Alc < No Alc |
|
Gestational Age at
Enrollment (Weeks) |
20.9 (6.3) |
18.9 (6.8) |
18.7 (6.7) |
19.1 (7.1) |
19.2 (6.2) |
17.4 (6.3) |
18.5 (7.3) |
15.7 (4.0) |
|
|
Adjusted Age at
Assessment (days) |
192.4 (31.0) |
204.5 (41.7) |
209.3 (42.1) |
198.6 (41.6) |
200.3 (38.8) |
203.3 (34.2) |
209.0 (35.5) |
194.8 (31.2) |
|
|
Birthweight
(grams) |
3088.6 (534) |
3343.9 (516) |
3402.3 (474) |
3276.3 (566) |
3300.4 (460) |
3545.2 (404) |
3611.5 (431) |
3440 (344) |
Alc: F(1,16) = 6.4, p < .012; Alc < No Alc Chol: F(1,84) = 4.0, p < .048; Chol < No Chol MVM: F(1,164) = 10.1, p < .002; MVM > No MVM |
| Birth Length (cm) | 50.4 (3.2) |
51.8 (3.0) |
52.1 (2.9) |
51.4 (3.2) |
51.4 (2.4) |
52.3 (2.0) |
52.7 (2.1) |
51.8 (1.9) |
MVM: F(1,164) = 7.0, p < .009; MVM > No MVM |
|
Birth Head
Circumference (cm) |
33.6 (1.7) |
34.1 (1.6) |
34.4 (1.2) |
33.8 (1.9) |
33.9 (1.7) |
34.8 (1.3) |
35.0 (1.4) |
34.4 (1.0) |
MVM: F(1,164) = 7.8, p < .006; MVM > No MVM |
|
Preconception
AA/day-Mean (Oz) |
.52 (.31) |
.72 (.62) |
.69 (.60) |
.76 (.66) |
.004 (.02) |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
Alc: F(1,164) = 130.2, p < .000; Alc > No Alc |
|
Preconception
AA/drinking day (Oz) |
1.77 (1.2) |
1.63 (.90) |
1.65 (.91) |
1.60 (.91) |
.034 (.16) |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
Alc: F(1,164) = 233.2, p < .000; Alc > No Alc |
|
Trimester 1
AA/day-Mean (Oz) |
.018 (.045) |
.030 (.054) |
.025 (.042) |
.035 (.067) |
0 0 |
.00 (.001) |
0 0 |
.00 (.001) |
Alc: F(1,164) = 20.7, p < .000; Alc > No Alc |
|
Trimester 1 AA/
drinking day (Oz) |
.153 (.36) |
.206 (.34) |
.180 (.311) |
.238 (.370) |
0 0 |
.002 (.012) |
0 0 |
.004 (.02) |
Alc: F(1,164) = 24.2, p < .000; Alc > No Alc |
|
Cigarettes/Day at
Enrollment |
1.2 (2.5) |
2.2 (4.5) |
3.1 (5.7) |
1.0 (2.0) |
.60 (3.0) |
0 0 |
0 0 |
0 0 |
Alc: F(1,134) = 8.3, p < .005; Alc > No Alc |
1
Hollingshead Scale (Hollingshead, 2011) includes measures of educational attainment and occupation.