Table 1.
Patient-level Characteristics: Estimated Physician-Defined Complexity vs. Outpatient Charlson Score and Estimated Physician-Defined Complexity vs. the Commercial Risk Predictor
| Characteristics | Physician-Defined Complexity (ePDC) vs. Outpatient Charlson (OCS) | Physician-Defined Complexity (ePDC) vs. Commercial Risk Predictor (CRP) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complex by | Complex by | |||||
| OCS Only n = 6,691 |
ePDC Only n = 10,725 |
ePDC & OCS n = 10,115 |
CRP Only n = 8,592 |
ePDC Only n = 9,195 |
ePDC & CRP n = 11,645 |
|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 62.3 (15.2) | 59.0 (15.9)‡ | 69.3 (14.2) ‡ | 60.1 (17.5) | 59.1 (15.5) ‡ | 67.9 (15.2) ‡ |
| < 45, % | 15.9 | 15.2‡ | 3.9‡ | 23.8 | 14.2‡ | 6.2‡ |
| 45–64, % | 30.5 | 54.5‡ | 34.8‡ | 25.7 | 55.8‡ | 36.4‡ |
| ≥ 65, % | 53.6 | 30.3‡ | 61.4‡ | 50.5 | 30.1‡ | 57.4‡ |
| Female, % | 49.2 | 63.9‡ | 53.9‡ | 57.6 | 62.0‡ | 56.7 |
| Race | ||||||
| White, % | 84.1 | 73.5‡ | 82.2‡ | 81.6 | 73.6‡ | 81.0‡ |
| Black, % | 5.5 | 7.5‡ | 6.3‡ | 5.7 | 7.6‡ | 6.4‡ |
| Hispanic, % | 5.3 | 13.2‡ | 7.0‡ | 6.8 | 12.8‡ | 8.1‡ |
| Asian, % | 3.0 | 3.2‡ | 2.4‡ | 3.8 | 3.3‡ | 2.4‡ |
| Other, % | 2.1 | 2.7‡ | 2.1‡ | 2.1 | 2.8‡ | 2.1‡ |
| Primary Insurance | ||||||
| Commercial, % | 48.2 | 34.9‡ | 23.8‡ | 47.9 | 36.2‡ | 24.2‡ |
| Medicare, % | 44.4 | 45.8‡ | 65.3‡ | 43.0 | 43.5‡ | 64.6‡ |
| Medicaid/State/Free/Uninsured, % | 7.4 | 19.3‡ | 10.9‡ | 9.0 | 20.3‡ | 11.2‡ |
| Primary Language, English, % | 93.5 | 85.7‡ | 90.3‡ | 91.6 | 86.0‡ | 89.5‡ |
| Married, % | 61.7 | 39.3‡ | 44.7‡ | 59.3 | 41.0‡ | 42.6‡ |
| CBG Non High School Graduation Rate | ||||||
| < 5 %, % | 24.7 | 14.0‡ | 15.0‡ | 23.4 | 14.5‡ | 14.5‡ |
| 5–25 %, % | 51.0 | 48.9‡ | 49.7‡ | 50.2 | 49.2‡ | 49.4‡ |
| ≥ 25 %, % | 13.6 | 25.7‡ | 20.9‡ | 15.8 | 24.7‡ | 22.3‡ |
| CBG Median Household Income | ||||||
| < $40,000, $ | 20.4 | 35.1‡ | 30. 5‡ | 23.8 | 33.2‡ | 32.7‡ |
| $40,000–70,000, $ | 43.7 | 42.2‡ | 42.8‡ | 43.0 | 42.9‡ | 42.2‡ |
| ≥ $70,000, $ | 30.7 | 18.2‡ | 22.0‡ | 28.7 | 19.0‡ | 20.9‡ |
| ≥ 2 Primary Care “No Shows” in 3 years, % | 8.8 | 37.1‡ | 28.8‡ | 9.8 | 37.0‡ | 30.0‡ |
| Number of e-Prescribed medications in 3 years, mean (SD) | 12.2 (8.2) | 18.6 (8.1)‡ | 23.6 (7.6) ‡ | 12.8 (8.5) | 17.6 (7.9) ‡ | 23.7 (7.5) ‡ |
| > 10 Medications e-Prescribed in 3 years, % | 52.6 | 82.9‡ | 93.0‡ | 56.9 | 80.3‡ | 93.7‡ |
| Number of e-Prescribed High-Risk Medications in 3 years, mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.9) ‡ | 2.9 (1.9)‡ | 1.5 (1.7) | 2.5 (1.9)‡ | 3.1 (1.9) ‡ |
| ≥ 1 High-Risk Medications e-Prescribed in 3 years, % | 55.0 | 83.3‡ | 84.5‡ | 60.4 | 80.5‡ | 86.6‡ |
| Chronic Diseases | ||||||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, % | 23.1 | 24.3 | 40.2‡ | 16.0 | 26.9‡ | 36.1‡ |
| Vascular Disease, % | 26.2 | 8.7‡ | 45.2‡ | 16.9 | 15.5* | 35.0‡ |
| Depression, % | 18.7 | 57.4‡ | 46.1‡ | 24.5 | 53.2‡ | 50.8‡ |
| Diabetes, % | 12.4 | 25.7‡ | 45.3‡ | 7.7 | 30.8‡ | 38.7‡ |
| Hypertension, % | 53.9 | 38.1‡ | 67.5‡ | 35.7 | 46.6‡ | 57.0‡ |
| End-stage Renal Disease or Transplant, % | 0.4 | 0.9‡ | 2.4‡ | 0.9 | 0.4‡ | 2.6‡ |
| Any Psychiatric Diagnosis, % | 31.4 | 72.4‡ | 63.5‡ | 35.7 | 69.3‡ | 67.2‡ |
*p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001
CBG = Census Block Group
High-Risk Medications = medications in the following classes: Benzodiazepines, Antipsychotics, Opiates, Muscle Relaxants
Vascular Disease = Coronary Artery Disease or Cerebrovascular Disease or Peripheral Vascular Disease
Any psychiatric diagnosis = Depression, Anxiety, Panic Disorder, Schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, Bipolar Disorder