Table 1.
Distribution of Responses on Medical School Experiences (n = 3547)
| Formal Curricula | |||
| Percentage that answered ‘Yes’ | Number | ||
| Taken a seminar on minority health | 52.3 % | 1856 | |
| Participated in a cultural awareness course/workshop | 75.7 % | 2686 | |
| Completed an implicit association test (IAT) of unconscious racial bias | 24.5 % | 869 | |
| Mean (SD) | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Hours of training devoted to communication skills | 28.97 (16.56) | 0 | 50 |
| Hours of training devoted to partnership-building skills | 18.29 (15.32) | 0 | 50 |
| Hours of training devoted to racial disparities in health care | 13.85 (11.82) | 0 | 50 |
| Hours of training devoted to identifying cultural customs that might affect clinical care | 13.49 (11.57) | 0 | 50 |
| Hours of training devoted to the potential effect of unintended racial bias on the care you provide | 8.81 (10.23) | 0 | 50 |
| Hours of training devoted to seeing things from your patient’s perspective | 21.08 (15.40) | 0 | 50 |
| How prepared are you to handle a patient from a culture different from your own | 4.09 (.78) | 1 | 5 |
| Self-efficacy regarding providing care for black patients (scale) | 3.69 (.67) | 1 | 5 |
| Informal Curricula | |||
| Percentage that answered ‘Yes’ | Number | ||
| Ever heard residents or attendings make negative comments about black patients | 48.7 % | 1728 | |
| Mean (SD) | Minimum | Maximum | |
| Learning Orientation to Racial Relations Scale | 5.39 (.50) | 1 | 7 |
| Racial Climate Scale: Racial Tension Subscale | 3.17 (1.44) | 1 | 7 |
| Racial Climate Scale: Medical School Effort Subscale | 5.61 (1.17) | 1 | 7 |
| Interracial Contact | |||
| Percentage | Number | ||
| How much interaction with black medical students | |||
| 1 None | 3.0 | 107 | |
| 2 Little | 26.1 | 925 | |
| 3 Some | 39.0 | 1385 | |
| 4 Substantial | 29.9 | 1059 | |
| Favorability of interaction with black medical students | |||
| 1 Very unfavorable | .6 | 23 | |
| 2 Unfavorable | 1.8 | 65 | |
| 3 Favorable | 41.8 | 1481 | |
| 4 Very favorable | 53.0 | 1880 | |
| How much interaction with black faculty, attending physicians and residents | |||
| 1 None | 2.6 | 91 | |
| 2 Little | 32.6 | 1158 | |
| 3 Some | 43.6 | 1545 | |
| 4 Substantial | 19.2 | 682 | |
| Favorability of interaction with black faculty, attending physicians and residents | |||
| 1 Very unfavorable | .5 | 17 | |
| 2 Unfavorable | 1.4 | 49 | |
| 3 Favorable | 42.9 | 1520 | |
| 4 Very favorable | 52.4 | 1860 | |
| How much interaction with black allied health staff | |||
| 1 None | 3.7 | 133 | |
| 2 Little | 17.1 | 606 | |
| 3 Some | 35.7 | 1266 | |
| 4 Substantial | 41.4 | 1468 | |
| Favorability of interaction with black allied health staff | |||
| 1 Very unfavorable | 1.0 | 37 | |
| 2 Unfavorable | 4.9 | 174 | |
| 3 Favorable | 50.4 | 1787 | |
| 4 Very favorable | 40.3 | 1429 | |
| How much Interaction with black clerical, administrative and secretarial staff | |||
| 1 None | 2.3 | 83 | |
| 2 Little | 15.0 | 532 | |
| 3 Some | 33.2 | 1178 | |
| 4 Substantial | 47.4 | 1682 | |
| Favorability of interaction with black clerical, administrative and secretarial staff | |||
| 1 Very unfavorable | 1.5 | 54 | |
| 2 Unfavorable | 7.2 | 256 | |
| 3 Favorable | 48.4 | 1715 | |
| 4 Very favorable | 39.9 | 1415 | |