Table 4.
Calcium, iron and zinc content of porridge and contribution to recommended intakes
| Porridge ingredients | Calcium | Iron | Zinc | Calcium | Iron | Zinc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [mg/100 g dry weight] | mg/portion | % RNIa | mg/portion | % RNIa | mg/portion | % RNIa | |||
| Whole maize flour, Sugar, Water | 25.43 ± 1.37 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 8.78 | 2.2 | 0.16 | 1.7 | 0.10 | 2.4 |
| Whole maize flour, Groundnuts, Salt, Water | 78.72 ± 4.25 | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 28.35 | 7.1 | 0.21 | 2.2 | 0.13 | 3.1 |
| Whole maize flour, Groundnuts, Salt, Sugar, Water | 34.08 ± 1.84 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 11.86 | 3.0 | 0.17 | 1.8 | 0.09 | 2.2 |
| Whole maize flour, Baobab flour, Water | 55.98 ± 3.02 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.00 | 19.06 | 4.8 | 0.08 | 0.9 | 0.06 | 1.4 |
| Whole maize flour, Baobab flour, Sugar, Water | 95.13 ± 5.14 | ND | 0.10 ± 0.00 | 31.91 | 8.0 | NA | NA | 0.03 | 0.8 |
| Whole maize flour, Sunflower oil, Salt, Water | 106.96 ± 5.78 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.00 | 37.85 | 9.5 | 0.13 | 1.4 | 0.06 | 1.5 |
| Composite flour (Whole maize, Whole finger millet, Groundnuts, Sardines | 68.14 ± 3.68 | 1.49 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 38.12 | 9.5 | 0.83 | 9.0 | 0.28 | 6.8 |
| Whole maize flour, Cow’s milk, Salt, Water | 74.27 ± 4.01 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 21.87 | 5.5 | 0.10 | 1.1 | 0.07 | 1.8 |
| Dehulled maize flour, Salt, Water | 74.12 ± 4.00 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | Trace | 25.90 | 6.5 | 0.08 | 0.9 | NA | NA |
| Dehulled maize flour, Groundnuts, Sugar, Water | 72.07 ± 3.89 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.00 | 27.99 | 7.0 | 0.15 | 1.6 | 0.08 | 1.9 |
| Dehulled maize flour, Cow’s milk, Salt, Water | 85.33 ± 4.61 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | Trace | 24.31 | 6.1 | 0.05 | 0.6 | NA | NA |
| Dehulled and soaked maize flour, Salt, Water | 78.43 ± 4.24 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.00 | 23.33 | 5.8 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.04 | 0.9 |
| Dehulled and soaked maize flour, Groundnuts, Salt, Water | 87.82 ± 4.74 | ND | 0.19 ± 0.00 | 26.02 | 6.5 | NA | NA | 0.06 | 1.3 |
| Dehulled and soaked maize flour, Baobab, Sugar, Water | 103.96 ± 5.61 | ND | ND | 30.46 | 7.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Dehulled and soaked maize flour, Cow’s milk, Sugar, Water | 125.55 ± 6.78 | ND | Trace | 36.32 | 9.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Whole sorghum flour, Salt, Water | 81.40 ± 4.40 | 0.77 ± 0.04 | Trace | 23.61 | 5.9 | 0.22 | 2.4 | NA | NA |
| Whole sorghum flour, Groundnuts, Salt, Water | 103.57 ± 5.60 | 0.75 ± 0.04 | Trace | 29.89 | 7.5 | 0.22 | 2.3 | NA | NA |
| Whole pearl millet flour, Salt, Water | 57.57 ± 3.11 | 2.05 ± 0.10 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 20.63 | 5.2 | 0.73 | 7.9 | 0.08 | 2.0 |
| Whole pearl millet flour, Groundnuts, Salt, Water | 97.97 ± 5.29 | 2.29 ± 0.11 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 35.77 | 8.9 | 0.84 | 9.0 | 0.13 | 3.1 |
| Whole finger millet flour, Sugar, Water | 93.61 ± 5.06 | 2.81 ± 0.14 | 0.44 ± 0.01 | 35.20 | 8.8 | 1.06 | 11.4 | 0.16 | 4.0 |
| Fresh cow’s milk, Water, Sugar | 60.12 ± 3.25 | ND | 0.18 ± 0.00 | 11.88 | 3.0 | NA | NA | 0.04 | 0.9 |
aProportion of the WHO/FAO (2004) requirements for iron (9.3 mg/day, medium bioavailability), zinc (4.1 mg/day, moderate bioavailability) and calcium (400 mg/day) for 6–11 month-old infants
Data are expressed as mean ± SD on a dry-weight basis
ND not detected. Trace-values less than 0.06 mg/100 g dry weight
NA not applicable because mineral levels were either not detected or values were trace (less than 0.06 mg/100 g dry weight)