Table 2.
Transcriptional modulation in GSC by BMP7 treatmenta
| Gene | Fold change | P value | Functional involvement |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. Upregulated genes | |||
| RASAL2: RAS protein activator like 2 | 3.37 | 0.019083 | tumor and metastasis suppressor |
| ATXN1: ataxin 1 | 2.59 | 0.013118 | chromatin-binding factor that repress Notch signaling, cell differentiation |
| CD44: CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) | 2.59 | 0.023871 | a receptor for hyaluronic acid; modulates Smad1 activation in the BMP7 signaling |
| ZNF638: protein 638 | 2.33 | 0.030429 | adipocyte differentiation |
| CDC14B: CDC14 cell division cycle 14 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) | 2.09 | 0.027588 | cell cycle control |
| TGFBR1: Transforming growth factor, beta receptor I | 1.99 | 0.015786 | cell cycle arrest in epithelial cells; growth inhibition, cell apoptosis |
| PIK3C2A: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, alpha polypeptide | 1.63 | 0.037372 | functions in insulin signaling, premature senescence and oxidative apoptosis |
| AKAP10: A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 10 | 1.59 | 0.024294 | control of cell proliferation |
| DLC1: deleted in liver cancer 1 | 1.58 | 0.041191 | metastasis suppressor gene, EMT arrest |
| BRPF3: bromodomain and PHD finger containing, 3 | 1.44 | 0.035113 | promotes formation of acetyltransferase complexes, stimulates transcription |
| SLC20A1: Solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 | 1.40 | 0.042665 | cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and nucleic acid and lipid synthesis |
| RASEF: RAS and EF-hand domain containing | 1.39 | 0.045602 | tumor suppressor, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation |
| MLL: myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia | 1.38 | 0.024547 | regulates neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal and glial differentiation |
| CDK6: cyclin-dependent kinase 6 | 1.37 | 0.047985 | augments accumulation of p53, decreases tumor growth when overexpression |
| IGF1R: insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor | 1.34 | 0.045232 | stimulates stem cell differentiation via AKT activation; premature senescence |
| POU2F1: POU class 2 homeobox 1 | 1.34 | 0.032549 | anti-inflammation/immune response, cell apoptosis, regulation of NF-kappaB |
| IL6ST: interleukin 6 signal transducer (gp130, oncostatin M receptor) | 1.29 | 0.022673 | stimulates osteoblast differentiation, maintains bone formation |
| ZNF395: zinc finger protein 395 | 1.29 | 0.030385 | suppresses cell migration and invasion |
| ERN2: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 | 1.28 | 0.037335 | activation of the unfolded protein response |
| LGR5: leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 | 1.27 | 0.030355 | universal epithelial stem cell marker |
| IRAK1BP1: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 binding protein 1 | 1.27 | 0.024291 | downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammation, growth inhibition |
| ARIH2: Ariadne homolog 2 (Drosophila) | 1.26 | 0.032696 | inhibits cell proliferation |
| II. Downregulated genes | |||
| NOTCH3: Notch homolog 3 (Drosophila) | −1.25 | 0.037102 | EMT, maintenance of NSC in an undifferentiated quiescent state, angiogenesis |
| ASXL1: additional sex combs like 1 (Drosophila) | −1.25 | 0.016868 | suppresses adipogenesis, transcriptional repression |
| SEMA6A: sema, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains, 6A | −1.25 | 0.041608 | vascular development; tumor angiogenesis; neuronal development |
| QPRT: quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase | −1.25 | 0.027582 | resistance to oxidative stress; suppression of spontaneous cell death |
| GPRC5B: G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member B | −1.26 | 0.029052 | insulin resistance; inflammatory signaling; promotes ERK1/2 activation |
| TRO: trophinin | −1.26 | 0.033855 | promotes EMT, invasive and metastatic phenotype; tumor formation |
| MFI2: antigen p97 identified by mAb 133.2 and 96.5 | −1.26 | 0.034824 | cell proliferation and tumorigenesis |
| METTL3: methyltransferase like 3 | −1.28 | 0.046969 | plays a role in the efficiency of mRNA splicing and processing |
| MTMR11: myotubularin related protein 11 | −1.35 | 0.017165 | unknown; cisplatin resistance-associated protein |
| COL16A1: collagen, type XVI, alpha 1 | −1.37 | 0.020495 | stimulates tumor proliferation and invasion |
| SCARA5: Scavenger receptor class A, member 5 (putative) | −1.40 | 0.024406 | innate immune response; inflammatory response |
| CLEC7A: C-type lectin domain family 7, member A | −1.40 | 0.009915 | innate immune response; inflammatory response; migration and proliferation |
NSC neural stem cells; EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
aProbe set signals on the expression array that were ≥ 1.25-fold different in BMP7 treated GSC cultures (n = 2, GSC-parental and GSC-500 μM TMZ) when compared to untreated GSC cultures (n = 2, GSC-parental and GSC-500 μM TMZ) were selected