Immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG production in plasma, in unstimulated and in -Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and TLR-7/-8-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (a) Plasma IgM production was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 controls, 28 patients in relapse and 23 patients in remission. (b) Secretion of IgM was measured using ELISA by day 11 in supernatants of cultured PBMC without stimulation (white bars) and after stimulation by Poly I:C (TLR-3 agonist, hatched bars) and by Resiquimod (TLR-7/-8 agonist, squared bars) in 10 controls, 11 patients in relapse and 7 patients in remission. (c) Plasma IgG production was measured using ELISA in 40 controls, 28 patients in relapse and 23 patients in remission. (d) Secretion of IgG was measured using ELISA by day 11 in supernatants of cultured PBMC without stimulation (white bars) and after stimulation by Poly I:C (TLR-3 agonist, hatched bars) and by Resiquimod (TLR-7/-8 agonist, squared bars) in 10 controls, 11 patients in relapse and 7 patients in remission; *P < 0·05; **P < 0·01; ***P < 0·001; n.s. = not significant.