. 2015 Sep 30;182(3):332–345. doi: 10.1111/cei.12659

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and controls.

	Control	Relapse	Remission	Remission RTX+	P
Number of patients (n)	40	28	23	15	n.a.
Gender ratio (male/female)	27/13	18/10	14/9	10/5	0.96
Age (years)	9·9 (6·7–14·4)	7·8 (3·6–17·4)	9·7 (5·1–12·8)	10·4 (7·6–16·5)	0·06
Proteinuria (g/mmol creatinine)	0·012 (0·007–0·021)^a	0·397 (0·196–1·308)^b	0·010 (0·007–0·016)^a	0·009 (0·005–0·131)^a	<0·0001
Serum albumin (g/l)	42·8 (41·5–45·0)^a	13·4 (8·1–32·6)^b	43·7(41·1–45·0)^a	42·0 (38·0–46·0)^a	<0·0001
eGFR (ml/min/1·73 m²)	102 (86–110)^a	139 (113–153)^b	126 (105–130)^c	166 (145–187)^d	<0·0001
First flare or scare relapse (n)	n.a.	16^a	9^a	0^b	0·001
Steroid dependency (n)	n.a.	12^a	14^a	15^b	0·001
At the time of sampling
Number of relapses since INS onset	n.a.	1 (0–5)^a	3 (1–6)^ab	4 (3–12)^b	0·02
Relapse-free period in INS (months)	n.a.	26 (10–37)	13 (8–25)	11 (7–32)	0·27
Steroid-free period in INS (months)	n.a.	13 (5–27)	6 (3–15)	9 (5–28)	0·37
History of previous therapies
None (n)	40^a	11^b	0^c	0^c	<0·0001
Prednisone (n)	0^a	17^b	23^c	15^c	<0·0001
Rituximab (n)	0^a	0^a	0^a	15^b	<0·0001
Other immunosuppressants (n)	0^a	6^b	10^b	13^c	<0·0001

Data are expressed as median (interquartile range). eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate for the children using the revised Schwartz formula (k-value = 0·413) updated in 2009 29; other immunosuppressants included mycophenolate mofetil, anti-calcineurin inhibitors and cyclophosphamide; RTX = rituximab therapy; n.a. = not applicable. When superscript letters are different (a, b, c, d), medians showed significant difference between groups, P < 0·05.