Table 1.
Characteristics at baseline of study participants with information on BC (n = 540) and PM2.5 (n = 475)a
| Study variable | Subjects with BCb | Subjects with PM2.5 b |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 73.6 (7.0) | 75.2 (6.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.1 (4.0) | 27.9 (4.1) |
| ≥ 30 kg/m2 (n [%]) | 137 (25.4) | 121 (25.5) |
| < 30 kg/m2 (n [%]) | 403 (74.6) | 354 (74.5) |
| Fasting blood glucose (n [%]) | ||
| < 110 mg/dL | 371 (68.7) | 332 (69.9) |
| ≥ 110 or <126 mg/dL | 96 (17.8) | 91 (19.2) |
| ≥ 126 mg/dL | 73 (13.5) | 52 (11.0) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never smoker | 156 (28.9) | 143 (30.1) |
| Current smoker | 22 (4.1) | 14 (3.0) |
| Former smoker | 362 (67.0) | 318 (67.0) |
| Anti-hypertensive medicine use (n [%]) | ||
| Yes | 325 (60.2) | 311 (65.5) |
| No | 215 (39.8) | 164 (34.5) |
| Season | ||
| Spring | 135 (25.0) | 112 (23.6) |
| Summer | 109 (20.2) | 120 (25.3) |
| Fall | 166 (30.7) | 144 (30.3) |
| Winter | 130 (24.1) | 99 (20.8) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 92.6 (10.7) | 87.9 (10.0) |
| Room temperature (°C) | 24.1 (1.9) | 23.3 (1.8) |
| Diabetes (n [%]) | ||
| Yes | 107 (19.8) | 99 (20.8) |
| No | 433 (80.2) | 376 (79.2) |
| Oxidative stress gene score | ||
| Low | 184 (42.0) | 146 (38.4) |
| High | 254 (58.0) | 234 (61.6) |
| Heart rate variability | ||
| Log10HF, msec2 | 1.9 (0.7) | 2.0 (0.7) |
| Log10LF, msec2 | 2.0 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) |
| Log10SDNN, msec | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) |
| Log10LF:HF | 0.04 (0.5) | −0.05 (0.5) |
BC black carbon, PM 2.5 particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter
aNormative Aging Study (2000–2011)
bValues are mean (SD) or n (%)