Table 2. Mortality Risk Associated with Perceived Discrimination in HRS.
Model 1 HR (95% CI) | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | Model 3 HR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 2.36 (2.26-2.47)* | 2.34 (2.23-2.45)* | 2.20 (2.07-2.33)* |
Sex (Female) | .70 (.64-.77)* | .65 (.60-.72)* | .66 (.60-.73)* |
Ethnicity (Black) | 1.21 (1.06-1.37)* | 1.22 (1.08-1.39)* | 1.04 (.90-1.19) |
Ethnicity (Other/unknown) | .75 (.51-1.11) | .76 (.51-1.11) | .89 (.59-1.35) |
Education (Years) | .95 (.94-.96)* | .95 (.94-.96)* | .99 (.98-1.01) |
BMI category | |||
Underweight | -- | 2.55 (2.03-3.21)* | 2.54 (1.98-3.21)* |
Overweight | -- | .77 (.69-.85)* | .73 (.65-.82)* |
Obesity | -- | .84 (.74-.96)* | .66 (.57-.75)* |
Morbid Obesity | -- | 1.63 (1.29-2.06)* | .91 (.71-1.17) |
Poor Subjective Health | -- | -- | 1.37 (1.29-1.44)* |
Disease Burden | -- | -- | 1.18 (1.13-1.22)* |
Depressive Symptoms | -- | -- | 1.04 (1.01-1.06)* |
Smoking (Ever) | -- | -- | 1.41 (1.26-1.57)* |
Moderate Physical Activity | -- | -- | .83 (.80-.86)* |
Discrimination | |||
Weight | 1.57 (1.34-1.84)* | 1.48 (1.25-1.75)* | 1.31 (1.10-1.57)* |
Ancestry | 1.26 (1.07-1.49)* | 1.31 (1.11-1.56)* | 1.44 (1.21-1.72)* |
Race | 1.06 (.90-1.26) | 1.08 (.91-1.28) | 1.11 (.93-1.33) |
Sex | 1.10 (.94-1.28) | 1.08 (.92-1.26) | 1.13 (.96-1.33) |
Age | 1.09 (.99-1.19) | 1.08 (.98-1.19) | 1.01 (.92-1.12) |
Physical Disability | 2.28 (2.01-2.57)* | 2.21 (1.95-2.50)* | 1.50 (1.30-1.72)* |
Appearance | 1.31 (1.11-1.55)* | 1.27 (1.08-1.51)* | 1.14 (.95-1.37) |
Sexual Orientation | 1.17 (.85-1.60) | 1.13 (.81-1.56) | 1.07 (.76-1.49) |
Note. N=13,692 for Model 1. N=13,400 for Model 2 and N=12,307 for Model 3 due to missing data on some covariates. Coefficients are hazard ratios (95% Confidence Intervals). HRS=Health and Retirement Study. BMI=body mass index.
p<.01.