Table 1.

Characteristics of HIV-infected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from October 1, 1994, to March 31, 2013, and their respective pregnancies meeting eligibility criteria for three analytic populations: (i) most recent viral load before pregnancy outcome, (ii) copy-years viremia since ART initiation, and (iii) copy-years viremia in the two years before conception.

Characteristic	Most recent VL (i)		Viremia since ART (ii)		Viremia in two years (iii)
	Women (n = 336)	Pregnancies (n = 461)	Women (n = 149)	Pregnancies (n = 253)	Women (n = 285)	Pregnancies (n = 380)
Race
Black	212 (63)	289 (63)	80 (54)	140 (55)	175 (61)	235 (62)
White	67 (20)	93 (20)	33 (22)	61 (24)	59 (21)	79 (21)
Other∗	57 (17)	79 (17)	36 (24)	52 (21)	51 (18)	66 (17)
Income/year
<$12,000	170 (53)	233 (53)	66 (46)	114 (47)	131 (48)	178 (49)
$12,001–$36,000	117 (36)	152 (35)	59 (41)	87 (36)	107 (39)	133 (37)
>$36,000	34 (11)	55 (13)	20 (14)	42 (17)	35 (13)	52 (14)
Pregnancy dependent measures
CD4 count†	—	438 (294–644)	—	369 (242–528)	—	445 (298–661)
IDU‡	—	7 (2)	—	3 (1)	—	4 (1)
Prior loss§	—	137 (30)	—	80 (32)	—	119 (31)
Smoking	—	166 (36)	—	87 (35)	—	138 (37)
Maternal age	—	32 (29–37)	—	34 (30–38)	—	33 (29–38)
ART initiated†	—	393 (85)	—	All	—	225 (59)
NIDU	—	84 (18)	—	36 (14)	—	66 (17)

Categorical variables expressed as number (% total); continuous variables as median (interquartile range). WIHS = Women's Interagency HIV Study, ART = antiretroviral therapy, VL = viral load, IDU = injection drug use, and NIDU = noninjection drug use.

^∗Unknown, Asian, Hispanic, Pacific Islander, Native American, and Alaskan.

^†Measured at baseline, the visit at which the first viral load measure for each analysis occurred.

^‡Injection drug users were excluded for the main analysis to reduce confounding.

^§Self-reported previous miscarriage or stillbirth prior to and during WIHS enrollment.