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. 2015 Nov 7;15:161. doi: 10.1186/s12871-015-0141-6

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© Yang et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Individual response to ESWL according to the up-and-down sequence by using target-controlled infusion of remifentanil. When a patient showed an increase in either heart rate or mean arterial pressure of 15 % or higher from the pre-ESWL value, the target concentration of remifentanil in the next patient was increased (open symbols). Although neither heart rate nor mean arterial pressure increased by 15 % compared with the pre-ESWL value, the concentration of remifentanil in the next patient was decreased (filled symbols). ESWL, extractoreal shock wave lithotripsy