Table 2.
Percent change in HbA1c per 1 unit increase in the selected diurnal cortisol features*
|
Model 0 % (95% CI) |
Model 1 % (95% CI) |
Model 2 % (95% CI) |
Model 3 % (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early Decline Slope | ||||
| Non-Diabetes | 0.7 (−1.3, 2.7) | 0.6 (−1.4, 2.6) | 0.1 (−1.8, 2.1) | 0.04 (−1.9, 2.0) |
| Diabetes | 7.5 (3.1, 12.1) | 7.0 (2.7, 11.4) | 6.3 (2.1, 10.6) | 5.4 (1.3, 9.7) |
| Overall Decline Slope | ||||
| Non-Diabetes | 10.1 (−7.4, 31.0) | 3.7 (−12.7, 23.2) | 0.8 (−14.8, 19.2) | 0.5 (−14.9, 18.7) |
| Diabetes | 78.1 (27.1, 149.6) | 65.0 (18.5, 129.7) | 57.1 (13.8, 116.9) | 54.7 (12.4, 112.9) |
| Bedtime Cortisol | ||||
| Non-Diabetes | 0.4 (−0.8, 1.7) | 0.5 (−0.7, 1.7) | 0.5 (−0.7, 1.7) | 0.3 (−0.8, 1.5) |
| Diabetes | 4.8 (2.2, 7.4) | 4.6 (2.1, 7.2) | 4.1 (1.7, 6.6) | 4.0 (1.6, 6.5) |
| Total AUC (16-Hours) Cortisol | ||||
| Non-Diabetes | −0.1 (−1.7, 1.53) | 0.4 (−1.2, 2.0) | 0.7 (−0.9, 2.2) | 0.5 (−1.0, 2.0) |
| Diabetes | 7.2 (3.5, 11.0) | 7.2 (3.5, 10.9) | 6.9 (3.4, 10.6) | 6.8 (3.3, 10.4) |
Model 0: HbA1c association with cortisol feature (no additional adjustment; include interaction term of diabetes and cortisol feature).
Model 1: HbA1c association with cortisol feature (adjustment only for demographic variable; include interaction term of diabetes and cortisol feature).
Model 2: HbA1c association with cortisol feature (adjustment for demographic + waist circumference; include interaction term of diabetes and cortisol feature).
Model 3: HbA1c association with cortisol feature (adjustment for all variables; include interaction term of diabetes and cortisol feature).
the analyses focused on both diabetes and non-diabetes samples was based on log-transformed cortisol and HbA1c. The result of percent change by 1 unit change in the cortisol feature was derived by the exponentiation of the model coefficient estimates.
Statistically significant findings are in bold. The difference between non-diabetes and diabetes was calculated and was significant throughout all analyses.