Fig. 1. Effects of thrombin on expression of CCL11 in human VSMCs. (A, B) HAoSMCs were treated for the indicated time periods with thrombin (1 U/ml). (A) CCL11 transcripts were amplified by RT-PCR (upper panel) and the levels of CCL11 transcripts were determined by realtime PCR (lower panel). (B) The levels of CCL11 protein secreted into culture media were determined by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean±SD (n=3 replicates for each group). ^**p<0.01 vs. control cultured in the absence of thrombin (0 h); ^***p<0.001 vs. 0 h.