Table 2.

Recent and ongoing studies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Study	Type	Drug/comp.	Number of pts/Age	Outcome	Results
TOP-CAT	Outcome	Spironolactone versus placebo	3445/69	Primary outcome: CV death/HF hospitalization/aborted cardiac arrest	In follow-up 3.3 years 18 versus 20 (p = 0.14)
Aldo-DHF	PoC	Spironolactone versus placebo	422/67	Coprimary outcomes:   (i) Diastolic dysfunction (E/E′)  (ii) Exercise capacity/peak VO2	In 12-month follow-up  (i) 12.1 versus 13.6 (p < 0.001)  (ii) 16.8 versus 16.9 (p = NS)
RELAX	PoC	Sildenafil versus placebo	216/69	Primary outcome:  exercise capacity/peak VO2  Secondary outcome:  (i) 6 min walk test  (ii) Clinical outcome	In 24-week follow-up  (i) −0.2 versus −0.2 (p = NS)   (ii) 5.0 versus 15 m (p = NS)  (iii) 94 versus 95 (p = NS)
PARAMOUNT	PoC	LCZ 696 angiotensin rec. + Neprilysin inhib. versus valsartan	266/71	Change NT-proBNP  Side effects	Ratio LCZ696/valsartan 0.77 (p = 0.005)  22 patients (15%) on LCZ696 versus 30 (20%) on valsartan
DHART	PoC	Anakinra versus placebo	12/62	Exercise capacity/peak VO2	+1.2 mL/kg/min (+8%, p = 0.009)
RALI-DHF	PoC	Ranolazine (iv 24 h infusion followed  by 13 days of oral treatment)  versus placebo	20/73	Changes in hemodynamic parameters  Changes in echocardiography, PeakVO2, and NT-proBNP parameters	LVEDP (mmHg) 23 versus 19 (p = 0.04); PCWP 18 versus 12 (p = 0.04)  No changes (p = NS)
Kosmala	PoC	Ivabradine versus placebo	61/67	Exercise capacity (METS)  Peak VO2	+1.5 versus +0.4 (p = 0.001)  +3.0 versus +0.4 (p = 0.003)
PARAGON-HF	Outcome	LCZ956 versus valsartan		CV death and HF Hospitalization	Ongoing
SOCRATES-PRESERVED	PoC	Vericiguat (guanylate cyclase stimulator)		Change in NT-proBNP	Ongoing
EDIFY	Outcome	Ivabradine versus placebo	400	Diastolic dysfunction (E/E′, exercise capacity, NT-proBNP)	Ongoing

PoC, proof-of-concept.