Table 3.
Risk group |
Factors |
Proposed treatment | |||
Grade | Size | Stage | Initial resectability | ||
Low | Low | Any | Nonmetastatic | Gross resection | Observation |
High | < 5 cm | Nonmetastatic | Without microscopic margins | Observation | |
High | < 5 cm | Nonmetastatic | With microscopic margin | Adjuvant radiation therapy | |
Intermediate | High | > 5 cm | Nonmetastatic | Gross resection | Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy |
High | > 5 cm | Nonmetastatic | Unresected | Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy | |
High | Low | Any | Metastatic | Gross resection | Observation |
High | Any | Metastatic | Gross resection | Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy | |
High | Any | Metastatic | Unresected | Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy |