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. 2015 Nov 9;5:16224. doi: 10.1038/srep16224

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Apisimin gene expression (a) was measured in the HPG, while defensin-1 (b) and hymenoptaecin (c) were measured in the Mandibular gland. Mean relative expression (.2^(−∆∆Ct) is shown ± s.e. for the three biological replicates. Asterisks denote that all three genes were differentially expressed between nurses and foragers: Nested ANOVA, apismin: F_1,12 = 505.5, p < 0.0001, hymenoptaecin: F_1,12=682.7, p<0.0001, defensin-1: F_1,12=223.8, p<0.0001.