Table 1.

Mean muscle activation between conditions (n=21)

	Traditional	Sandbag	Water bag
AD	70 ± 6.1 (61‐81)	69 ± 5.5 (61‐80)	77 ± 5.7 (68‐88)
OBLIQ	26 ± 4.7 (16‐35)	27 ± 4.9 (18‐37)	60 ± 7.9 (51‐70)*
LUMB	74 ± 4.0 (66‐85)	70 ± 4.2 (62‐81)	85 ± 4.9 (76‐96)*
GM	23 ± 2.4 (15‐34)	22 ± 2.3 (14‐33)	29 ± 2.3 (22‐40)*

Data are expressed as least square means ± SEM (Confident intervals) in percentage of the maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). AD = anterior deltoid; OBLIQ = external oblique; LUMB = lumbar erector spinae; GM = gluteus medius.

^*Difference between conditions statistically significant at p≤0.05