Table 3.
Descriptive data and multiple comparisons of the primary variables.
| Measure | Group | Mean ± SD | Mean difference (95%CI); Effect size (d). | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | |||
| APV | MCTE | 5.80 ± 1.94 | 5.70 ± 1.87 | 0.10 (−0.63 to 0.83); d= 0.05 |
| MCTE+MI | 5.00 ± 1.78 | 6.50 ± 1.43 | −1.50 (−2.23 to −0.77)**; d= −0.94 | |
| Mean difference (95%CI); Effect size (d). | 0.80 (−0.39 to 1.99) d= 0.43 | −0.80 (−1.87 to 0.27) d= −0.49 | ||
| HPV | MCTE | 24.10 ± 1.77 | 24.80 ± 1.64 | −0.70 (−1.45 to 0.05); d= −0.41 |
| MCTE+MI | 23.90 ± 1.77 | 26.30 ± 1.63 | −2.40 (−3.15 to −1.66)**; d= −1.41 | |
| Mean difference (95%CI); Effect size (d). | 0.20 (−0.94 to 1.34) d= 0.11 | −1.50 (−2.55 to −0.45)** d= −0.91 | ||
| JPEFlex | MCTE | 6.64 ± 2.38 | 4.20 ± 1.70 | 2.44 (1.39 to 3.48)**; d= 1.20 |
| MCTE+MI | 5.80 ± 1.94 | 3.70 ± 1.26 | 2.10 (1.05 to 3.15)**; d= 1.31 | |
| Mean difference (95%CI); Effect size (d). | 0.84 (−0.56 to 2.23) d= 0.39 | 0.50 (−0.56 to 1.46) d= 0.34 | ||
| JPEExt | MCTE | 6.10 ± 3.11 | 4.25 ± 1.53 | 1.85 (0.45 to 3.25)*; d= 0.80 |
| MCTE+MI | 6.02 ± 2.09 | 3.03 ± 0.70 | 2.99 (1.59 to 4.39)**; d= 2.14 | |
| Mean difference (95%CI); Effect size (d). | 0.09 (−1.61 to 1.78) d= 0.03 | 1.23 (0.47 to 1.99)** d=1.09 | ||
| JPERotL | MCTE | 5.79 ± 2.86 | 4.18 ± 1.49 | 1.62 (0.34 to 2.89)*; d= 0.74 |
| MCTE+MI | 5.72 ± 2.76 | 3.43 ± 0.65 | 2.29 (1.01 to 3.57)**; d= 1.34 | |
| Mean difference (95%CI); Effect size (d). | 0.08 (−1.73 to 1.88) d=0.03 | 0.75 (0.01 to 1.49)* d=0.70 | ||
| JPERotR | MCTE | 6.35 ± 2.10 | 4.68 ± 1.68 | 1.68 (0.79 to 2.56)**; d= 0.88 |
| MCTE+MI | 5.38 ± 1.96 | 3.73 ± 1.46 | 1.65 (0.76 to 2.54)**; d= 0.97 | |
| Mean difference (95%CI); Effect size (d). | 0.98 (−0.33 to 2.28) d=0.48 | 0.95 (−0.06 to 1.96) d=0.61 | ||
MCTE = motor control therapeutic exercise; MI = motor imagery; APV = activation pressure value; HPV = highest pressure value; JPEFlex = joint position error flexion; JPEExt = joint position error extension; JPERotL = joint position error left rotation; JPERotR = joint position error right rotation.
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.001