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. 2015 Oct 26;106(10):1341–1350. doi: 10.1111/cas.12762

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© 2015 The Authors. Cancer Science published by Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Magnolol disrupts mitochondrial integrity in gallbladder cancer (GBC) cells. (a–c) Flow cytometric analysis of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells were treated with magnolol and stained with rhodamine 123. Cells with high ΔΨm are marked “survival”, and those with low ΔΨm are marked “apoptosis”. The percentages of cells with low ΔΨm (apoptosis) are shown. (d) Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins in both cell lines. β-Actin was used as a loading control. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus control. PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1.