Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by prevalent type 2 diabetes
| No diabetes N=71,991 | Type 2 Diabetes N=4,002 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline (years) | <0.001 | ||
| <50-59 | 24,167 (33.6) | 1,004 (25.1) | |
| 60-69 | 31,375 (43.6) | 1,915 (47.9) | |
| 70-79+ | 16,449 (22.9) | 1,083 (27.1) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White | 61,989 (86.1) | 2,720 (68.0) | |
| Black | 4,801 (6.7) | 778 (19.4) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1,699 (2.4) | 141 (3.5) | |
| Hispanic | 2,334 (3.2) | 252 (6.3) | |
| Other/Unknown | 1,168 (1.6) | 111 (2.8) | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| <= High school diploma/GED | 13,983 (19.6) | 1,197 (30.2) | |
| School after high school | 26,117 (36.6) | 1,590 (40.1) | |
| College degree or higher | 31,349 (43.9) | 1,174 (29.6) | |
| Family income | <0.001 | ||
| <$20,000 | 9,437 (13.1) | 1,135 (28.4) | |
| $20,000-$49,999 | 28,965 (40.2) | 1,652 (41.3) | |
| $50,000-$74,999 | 14,067 (19.5) | 558 (13.9) | |
| $75,000+ | 14,670 (20.4) | 371 (9.3) | |
| Unknown/missing | 4,852 (6.7) | 286 (7.2) | |
| BMI at baseline | <0.001 | ||
| <=25 | 30,254 (42.5) | 626 (15.8) | |
| 25-<30 | 24,309 (34.2) | 1,152 (29.2) | |
| >=30 | 16,599 (23.3) | 2,173 (55.0) | |
| Family history of adult diabetes | <0.001 | ||
| No | 48,039 (69.3) | 1,329 (35.8) | |
| Yes | 21,264 (30.7) | 2,389 (64.3) | |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | ||
| No activity | 9,100 (12.8) | 796 (20.2) | |
| Some activity of limited duration | 26,864 (37.7) | 1,744 (44.2) | |
| 2-<4 episodes/week of moderate to strenuous activity (>=20 min/episode) | 13,415 (18.8) | 640 (16.2) | |
| 4 episodes/week of moderate to strenuous activity (>=20 min/episode) | 21,880 (30.7) | 767 (19.4) | |
| Smoking Status | 0.02 | ||
| Never | 35,713 (50.3) | 2,007 (51.1) | |
| Past | 30,918 (43.5) | 1,638 (41.7) | |
| Current | 4,444 (6.3) | 282 (7.2) | |
| Alcohol use | <0.001 | ||
| Never drinker | 7,225 (10.1) | 736 (18.6) | |
| Past drinker | 12,306 (17.2) | 1,544 (39.0) | |
| Current drinker | 52,042 (72.7) | 1,679 (42.4) | |
| Hypertension at baseline | <0.001 | ||
| No | 48,955 (69.2) | 1,394 (35.7) | |
| Untreated | 5,396 (7.6) | 436 (11.2) | |
| Treated | 16,423 (23.2) | 2,071 (53.1) | |
| History of cardiovascular disease | <0.001 | ||
| No | 57,821 (82.0) | 2,571 (65.9) | |
| Yes | 12,681 (18.0) | 1,330 (34.1) | |
| Hysterectomy | <0.001 | ||
| No | 42,435 (59.0) | 1,974 (49.4) | |
| Yes | 29,500 (41.0) | 2,026 (50.7) | |
| Prior postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) | <0.001 | ||
| Never used | 28,029 (39.0) | 2,093 (52.4) | |
| Past user | 10,663 (14.8) | 645 (16.1) | |
| Current user | 33,238 (46.2) | 1,258 (31.5) | |
| Birth weight | <0.001 | ||
| <6 lbs | 5,891 (8.2) | 458 (11.4) | |
| 6-7.99 lbs | 48,991 (68.1) | 2,639 (65.9) | |
| 8-9.99 lbs | 14,622 (20.3) | 756 (18.9) | |
| >=10 lbs | 2,487 (3.5) | 149 (3.7) | |
| Breastfed | <0.001 | ||
| No | 15,764 (26.9) | 716 (21.6) | |
| Yes | 43,119 (73.2) | 2,598 (78.4) |