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. 2015 Nov 9;6:572. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00572

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cigarette smoke extract directly and synergistically with histamine or LPS enhances the expression of COX-2 and TLR4 in human endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were grown to confluence and incubated with (1) medium (control), (2) cigarette smoke extract (CSE) (final concentration equivalent to 100 nM nicotine), (3) histamine (HIS, 10 μM), (4) HIS + CSE, (5) LPS, 100 ng/mL, (6) LPS + CSE, (7) HIS + LPS, and (8) HIS + LPS + CSE for 24 h. After the incubation, total RNA was extracted and used for RT-qPCR analyses of gene expressions of COX-2 (A) and TLR4 (B). Data presented are mean ± SD of quadruplicate experiments. CS increased COX2 gene expression significantly compared to control, HIS, LPS, or HIS + LPS groups (P < 0.001). HIS + LPS (6) increased COX2 expression compared to control, HIS, or LPS groups (P < 0.001). CS increased TLR4 gene expression significantly compared to control, HIS, LPS, or HIS + LPS groups (P < 0.001). HIS + LPS (6) increased TLR4 expression compared to control, HIS, or LPS groups (P < 0.001).