Table 1.
Adhesins of uropathogenic bacteria
| Organism | Assembly pathway |
Adhesin | Associated UTI disease or function |
Receptor(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA | |||||
| Escherichia coli | |||||
| Chaperone/usher pathway | |||||
| P pili | Pyelonephritis | Digalactose (galabiose) | (165,365,366) | ||
| Type 1 pili | Cystitis | Mannosylated proteins, uroplakin, β1 and α3 integrin | (34,141,367) | ||
| S pili | Ascending UTI | α-sialic acid | (116,368,369) | ||
| F1C pili | Ascending UTI | galactosylceramide on bladder epithelium and globotriaosylceramide on kidney epithelium | (128,370) | ||
| Afa/Dr pili | Recurrent/chronic UTI, cystitis, pyelonephritis | Dra, DAF, type IV collagen, α5β1 integrin, CEACAM family proteins | (51,114,123) | ||
| Yad pili | Ascending UTI | Bladder epithelial cells | (43,118) | ||
| Ygi pili | Ascending UTI | Human embryonic kidney cells | (118) | ||
| F9 pili | Biofilm formation | ? | (120) | ||
| Auf pili | ? | ? | (119) | ||
| Type 3 pili | CAUTI | ? | (371) | ||
| Autotransporter | |||||
| Ag43 | UTI persistence, biofilm formation | Collagen, laminin | (263–265) | ||
| UpaB | ? | Fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin | (270) | ||
| UpaC | Biofilm formation | ? | (270) | ||
| UpaH | Biofilm formation, bladder colonization | Collagen V, laminin, fibronectin | (217,272) | ||
| UpaG | Biofilm formation | Fibronectin, laminin | (232) | ||
| FdeC | Bladder and kidney colonization | ? | (273,274) | ||
| Outer membrane protein | |||||
| Iha | Fitness in urinary tract | ? | (278,279) | ||
| Type I secretion | |||||
| TosA | Fitness in urinary tract | Kidney epithelium | (284,287) | ||
| Extracellular nucleation/precipitation | |||||
| Curli | Biofilm formation, ? | Fibronectin, laminin, H-kininogen, fibrinogen, factor XII | (174,178,196) | ||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | |||||
| Chaperone/usher pathway | |||||
| Type 1 pili | Ascending UTI, CAUTI | Mannosylated proteins | (372–374) | ||
| Type 3 (MR/K) pili | CAUTI | Type V collagen | (373,375,376) | ||
| Citrobacter freundii | |||||
| Chaperone/usher pathway | |||||
| Type 3 pili | CAUTI | ? | (377) | ||
| Proteus mirabilis | |||||
| Chaperone/usher pathway | |||||
| MR/P | Pyelonephritis, ascending UTI | Mannose-resistant | (378–380) | ||
| PMF (MR/K) | Ascending UTI | ? | (381,382) | ||
| UCA (NAF) | Colonization of urinary tract, complicated UTI | GalNAcβ(1–4)Gal | (383–385) | ||
| ATF | ? | ? | (386,387) | ||
| Autotransporter | |||||
| AipA | Bladder and kidney colonization | Collagen I, collagen IV, laminin | (220) | ||
| TaaP | Bladder colonization | Collagen I, collagen IV, laminin | (220) | ||
| GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA | |||||
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | |||||
| Sortase-assembled MSCRAMM | |||||
| UafA | Ascending UTI | ? | (307,327) | ||
| UafB | Ascending UTI | Fibronectin, fibrinogen | (308) | ||
| SdrI | UTI persistence | Fibronectin | (296,309,329) | ||
| Enterococcus faecalis | |||||
| Sortase-assembled MSCRAMM | |||||
| Ace | CAUTI, ascending UTI | Collagen I and IV | (297,306,312) | ||
| Sortase-assembled pili | |||||
| Ebp | CAUTI, ascending UTI | ? | (340,345,352) | ||
| Unknown | |||||
| EfbA | Ascending UTI | Fibronectin | (331) | ||
| Esp | Urinary tract colonization and persistence, biofilm formation | ? | (332,333) | ||
| Enterococcus faecium | |||||
| Sortase-assembled pili | |||||
| Ebpfm | CAUTI, ascending UTI | ? | (339,347) | ||