Table 1.
Genes that contribute to swarming in P. mirabilis.
| Motility | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | ORF | Function | Swim | Swarm | Elong | Ref |
| Flageila | ||||||
| flhDC | PMI1671-2 | flagellar transcriptional activator (cl. I) | - | - | - | (81, 88) |
| fliF | PMI1630 | flagellar MS-ring protein (class II) | - | - | consta | (57, 81) |
| fliG | PMI1631 | flagellar motor switch protein (cl. II) | - | - | const | (81) |
| fliL | PMI1636 | flagellar basal body-associated protein (class II) | less | - | const | (81, 87) |
| fliM | PMI1637 | flagellar motor switch protein (cl. II) | slight | - | - | (81) |
| fliP | PMI1640 | flagellar biosynthetic protein (cl. II) | + | - | - | (81) |
| fliQ | PMI1641 | flagellar biosynthetic protein (cl. II) | - | - | - | (81) |
| flgH | PMI1648 | flagellar L-ring (class II) | + | cr | const | (87) |
| flgE | PMI1651 | flagellar hook protein (class II) | NR | - | NR | (57) |
| flgB | PMI1654 | flagellar basal body rod protein (cl. II) | - | - | - | (81) |
| flgN | PMI1657 | flagella filament assembly (cl. II) | + | - | NR | (85) |
| flhA | PMI1659 | flagellar assembly (class II) | - | - | - | (81, 83) |
| flaA | PMI1620 | flagellin (class III) | -b | -b | - | (40, 41) |
| flaD | PMI1621 | flagellar capping protein (cl. III) | - | - | - | (40) |
| flgK | PMI1645 | flagellar hook-associated protein 1 (III) | - | - | - | (81) |
| flgL | PMI1644 | flagellar hook-associated protein 3 (III) | - | - | - | (81) |
| cheW | PMI1667 | chemotaxis; required for CheA function (class III) | NR | - | NR | (56) |
| Flagellar regulation | ||||||
| lon | PMI0117 | ATP-dependent Lon protease | + | ++ | const | (94) |
| lrp | PMI0696 | leucine-responsive regulator | less | - | - | (95) |
| rsbA | PMI1729 | phosphotransfer intermediate protein | + | ++ | + | (105, 106) |
| rcsBC | PMI1730-1 | capsular synthesis two-component system | + | ++ | + | (92, 106) |
| umoA | PMI3115 | upregulator of flagellar master operon | less | cr | + | (91) |
| umoB | PMI3018 | upregulator of flagellar master operon | less | cr | - | (91) |
| umoC | PMI1939 | upregulator of flagellar master operon | less | cr | + | (91) |
| umoD | PMI0876 | upregulator of flagellar master operon | less | cr | - | (91) |
| rppA | PMI1697 | two-component system sensor kinase | NR | ++ | NR | (108) |
| disA | PMI1209 | amino acid decarboxylase | ++ | ++ | + | (97) |
| LPS | ||||||
| rfaD | PMI3176 | ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose-6-epimerase | + | cr | - | (87) |
| galU | PMI1490 | UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase | + | cr | - | (87, 111) |
| ugd | PMI3189 | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase | NR | - | - | (111) |
| waaL | PMI3163 | O-antigen ligase | + | - | - | (113) |
| wzz/cld | PMI2183 | O-antigen chain length determinant | + | - | - | (113) |
| Metabolism | ||||||
| cyaA | PMI3333 | adenylate cyclase | NR | cr | NR | (57) |
| aceE | PMI2046 | pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component | NR | cr | NR | (57) |
| sdhC | PMI0565 | succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b556 subunit | NR | cr | NR | (57) |
| fumC | PMI1296 | fumarate hydratase, class II | NR | cr | NR | (134) |
| sdhB | PMI0568 | succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur protein | NR | cr | NR | (134) |
| gnd | PMI0655 | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating | NR | cr | NR | (134) |
| talB | PMI0006 | transaldolase B | NR | cr | NR | (134) |
| pfkA | PMI3203 | 6-phosphofructokinase | NR | cr | NR | (134) |
| tpiA | PMI3205 | triosephosphate isomerase | NR | cr | NR | (134) |
| Amino acids | ||||||
| serC | PMI0711 | phosphoserine aminotransferase | NR | cr | NR | (56) |
| cysJ | PMI2250 | sulfite reductase [NADPH] flavoprotein alpha-component | NR | crc | + | (65) |
| dppA | PMI2847 | dipeptide ABC transporter, substrate-binding protein | NR | crc | + | (65) |
| oppB | PMI1474 | oligopeptide ABC transporter, permease protein | NR | crc | + | (65) |
| glnA | PMI2882 | glutamine synthetase | less | - | NR | (120) |
| hisG | PMI0665 | ATP phosphoribosyltransferase | + | cr | + | (120) |
| Other | ||||||
| gidA | PMI3055 | tRNA uridine 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl modification enzyme | + | cr | - | (87) |
| pepQ | PMI3551 | proline peptidase | + | cr | - | (87) |
| dapE | PMI1556 | N-succinyl-diaminopimelate deacylase | + | cr | - | (87) |
| cmfA/cpsF | PMI3190 | colony migration factor (capsular polysaccharide) | + | cr | + | (57, 63) |
| ppaA | PMI3600 | P-type ATPase zinc transporter | + | cr | slight | (116, 117) |
| znuC | PMI1151 | high-affinity zinc uptake system ATP-binding protein | slight | cr | slight | (118) |
| nrpG | PMI2605 | 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase | NR | cr | NR | (56, 119) |
| hemY | PMI3329 | porphyrin biosynthesis protein | NR | cr | NR | (56) |
| speB | PMI2093 | agmatinase | + | cr | delay | (120, 121) |
| ccmA | PMI1961 | putative membrane protein, curved cell morphology | + | - | + | (115) |
| dsbA | PMI2828 | thiol:disulfide interchange protein | NR | cr | NR | (56) |
| surA | PMI2332 | peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase | + | - | NR | (56, 61) |
| mrcA | PMI3021 | penicillin-binding protein 1A | NR | cr | NR | (56) |
| parE | PMIP32 | plasmid stabilization (toxin-antitoxin) | NR | cr | NR | (56) |
| sufI | PMI2342 | putative multicopper oxidase (suppressor of ftsI) | NR | - | NR | (57) |
| hexA | PMI1764 | LysR-family transcriptional regulator | NR | crd | + | (65) |
| lrhA | PMI0629 | LysR-family transcriptional regulator | NR | crd | + | (65) |
| PMI1874 | two-component system sensor kinase | NR | cr | NR | (56) | |
| PMI1046 | putative polysaccharide deacetylase | NR | cr | NR | (56) | |
| PMI3692 | putative lipoprotein | NR | cr | NR | (56) | |
| Phenotypes observed by overexpression | ||||||
| rsmA/csrA | PMI0377 | carbon storage regulator | NR | - | - | (100) |
| mrpJ d | PMI0271 | fimbrial operon regulator | - | - | aberr | (162, 203) |
| wosA | PMI0608 | regulator of swarming motility | ++ | ++ | const | (99) |
const, constitutive; cr, crippled; ++, hyperswarm/hypermotility; aberr, aberrant; NR, not reported
a
elogates on nonswarm agar but not in broth
b
reverts to wild-type
c
phenotype detected on MinA-T agar
d
12 of 14 additional mrpJ homologs also repress motility when overexpressed