TABLE 1—
Sample Characteristics: Early Childhood Caries, Mouth Pain, and Nutritional Status; Vietnam; 2011
| Category | Mean ±SD or No. (%) | Valid No. |
| Children’s demographics | ||
| Male | 297 (51.2) | 580 |
| Age, y | 4.10 ±0.93 | 592 |
| 1.00–2.99 | 72 (12.2) | |
| 3.00–4.99 | 408 (68.9) | |
| 5.00–6.99 | 112 (18.9) | |
| Parents’ demographics | ||
| Age, y | 33.04 ±5.08 | 574 |
| Length of formal education, y | 12.82 ±3.67 | 503 |
| Survey respondent is the mother | 561 (95.1) | 590 |
| City | ||
| Ho Chi Minh City (3 sites) | 240 (40.5) | 593 |
| Da Nang (2 sites) | 353 (59.5) | |
| No. of children in the family | 1.6 ±0.6 | 588 |
| Child’s frequency of junk food consumption, times/wk | ||
| Soda | 1.33 ±2.84 | 455 |
| Never or rarely | 289 (63.6) | |
| Weekly or more frequently | 139 (30.5) | |
| Daily or more frequently | 27 (5.9) | |
| Sweets/candy | 1.97 ±3.02 | 476 |
| Never or rarely | 208 (43.7) | |
| Weekly or more frequently | 212 (44.5) | |
| Daily or more frequently | 56 (11.8) | |
| Salty snack | 1.93 ±2.72 | 493 |
| Never or rarely | 199 (40.4) | |
| Weekly or more frequently | 239 (48.5) | |
| Daily or more frequently | 55 (11.1) | |
| Parent’s frequency of junk food consumption, times/wk | ||
| Soda | 0.95 ±1.79 | 568 |
| Never or rarely | 364 (64.1) | |
| Weekly or more frequently | 187 (32.9) | |
| Daily or more frequently | 17 (3.0) | |
| Salty snacks | 0.76 ±1.34 | 567 |
| Never or rarely | 382 (67.4) | |
| Weekly or more frequently | 177 (31.2) | |
| Daily or more frequently | 8 (1.4) | |
| Child oral health outcomes | ||
| Has any tooth decay (yes) | 441 (74.4) | 593 |
| Proportion of d teeth in dmft index (d) | 3320 (95.4) | 3479 |
| Average no. of decayed teeth | 5.60 ±5.24 | 593 |
| Severity of dental caries | 593 | |
| dmft = 0 | 148 (25.0) | |
| dmft = 1–5 | 169 (28.5) | |
| dmft > 5 | 276 (46.5) | |
| Average dmft score | 5.87 ±5.42 | 593 |
| Pulp involved decayed teeth (Da Nang sites only) | 353 | |
| Yes | 110 (31.2) | |
| Teeth | 1.44 ±2.92 | |
| Composite mouth pain experience | 569 | |
| No signs of mouth pain | 301 (52.9) | |
| Occasional mouth pain | 245 (43.1) | |
| Frequent or almost always present mouth pain | 23 (4.0) | |
| Child nutritional outcomes | ||
| Undernourished statusa | ||
| Height for age (stunted), no. | 24 (4.2) | 573 |
| Height for age (stunted), z-score | −0.25 ±1.10 | |
| Weight for age (underweight), no. | 15 (2.6) | 572 |
| Weight for age (underweight), z-score | 0.41 ±1.33 | |
| BMI for age (wasted), no. | 8 (1.4) | 572 |
| BMI for age (wasted), z-score | 0.85 ±1.39 | |
| Overweight statusb | ||
| No. | 113 (19.8) | 572 |
| z-score | 0.85 ±1.39 | |
Note. BMI = body mass index; dmft = decayed, missing, or filled teeth (primary).
a
Height-, weight-, or BMI-for-age z-score ≤ −2.00.
b
BMI-for-age z-score ≥ +2.00