TABLE 1—
Baseline Characteristics | No. (%) |
Demographic characteristics | |
Age, y | |
18–27 | 417 (27.4) |
28–47 | 758 (49.8) |
≥ 48 | 347 (22.8) |
Sexual identity | |
Gay, homosexual, same gender–loving, or queer | 655 (43.0) |
Bisexual, sexual, two spirited, questioning, polyamorous, or pansexual | 772 (50.7) |
Heterosexual or straight | 68 (4.5) |
None of above or missing | 27 (1.8) |
Education | |
< high school | 260 (17.1) |
High school | 532 (35.0) |
Some college | 528 (34.7) |
≥ college | 201 (13.2) |
Current student | 311 (20.4) |
Currently employed full or part time | 478 (31.4) |
Annual household income before taxes, $ | |
< 10 000 | 566 (37.5) |
10 000–39 999 | 681 (45.2) |
40 000–69 999 | 178 (11.8) |
≥ 70 000 | 83 (5.5) |
Not enough money for rent (past 6 mo) | 841 (55.3) |
Currently homeless | 140 (9.2) |
Ever been to jail | 890 (58.5) |
Clinical variables | |
Result of HIV test at baseline (combine the lab result and enrollment CRF) | |
Refused testing or unknown | 38 (2.5) |
HIV-negative | 1147 (75.4) |
HIV-positive | 337 (22.1) |
Any STI at enrollment | 254 (16.7) |
Mental health characteristics and abuse outcomes | |
CSA | |
Sex before age 12 y | 807 (53.0) |
If yes, sex before age 12 y with adult partner or someone ≥ 5 y older | 474 (58.7) |
Unwanted sex between ages 12 and 16 y | 457 (30.0) |
Sex between age 12 and 16 y with adult partner or someone ≥ 5 y older | 620 (40.7) |
Any sex before age 17 y | 1036 (68.1) |
Sex before age 17 y with adult partner or someone ≥ 5 y older | 834 (54.8) |
IPV (ever) | |
Emotional abuse | 618 (40.6) |
Physical abuse | 419 (27.5) |
Stalked | 382 (25.1) |
Pressured or forced sexually | 340 (22.3) |
Any abuse | 788 (51.8) |
CES-D score ≥ 16 | 615 (43.8) |
Behavioral characteristicsa | |
Noninjection drug use | 1069 (70.2) |
No. of male partners | |
0–3 | 893 (58.8) |
> 3 | 625 (41.2) |
Men who had sex with primary female partners | 309 (20.3) |
If yes, condomless sex with primary female partner | 241 (78.0) |
Men who had sex with any transgender partners | 370 (24.3) |
If yes, condomless sex with transgender partner | 301 (81.4) |
Men who had insertive or receptive sex with male partner | 1458 (95.8) |
If yes, condomless sex with male partner (insertive or receptive) | 1341 (92.0) |
Men who had receptive sex with male partner | 877 (57.6) |
If yes, condomless sex with male partner (receptive) | 752 (85.7) |
Men who had insertive sex with male partner | 1273 (83.6) |
If yes, condomless sex with male partner (insertive) | 1124 (88.3) |
Characteristics of last male sexual partner | |
Type of last partner at sex | |
Missing | 58 (3.8) |
Casual, exchange, or anonymous | 769 (50.5) |
Main or steady | 695 (45.7) |
Note. CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CRF = case report form; CSA = childhood sexual abuse; IPV = intimate partner violence; STI = sexually transmitted infection. Percentages may not total 100% because of rounding. The 6 US cities were Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Los Angeles, CA; New York City, NY; San Francisco, CA; and Washington, DC. The sample size was n = 1522. Median number of male sexual partners was 3 (interquartile range = 2.5).
All behavioral characteristics in past 6 months.