Table 1. Characteristics of the study subjects, Okayama, Japan (2010).
| Psychological distress a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | No. | % | No. | % |
| All | 9761 | 100 | 3889 | 39.8 |
| Social capital | ||||
| Mistrust | ||||
| Yes | 699 | 7.2 | 376 | 53.8 |
| No | 9062 | 92.8 | 3513 | 38.8 |
| Lack of reciprocity | ||||
| Yes | 2262 | 23.2 | 1069 | 47.3 |
| No | 7499 | 76.8 | 2820 | 37.6 |
| Age (Means, SD) | 76.6 | 7.22 | 77.9 | 7.42 |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 5819 | 59.6 | 2469 | 42.4 |
| Men | 3942 | 40.4 | 1420 | 36.0 |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| Junior high school | 4263 | 43.7 | 1969 | 46.2 |
| High school | 4125 | 42.3 | 1443 | 35.0 |
| Some college or more | 901 | 9.2 | 272 | 30.2 |
| Missing | 472 | 4.8 | 205 | 43.4 |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption | ||||
| None | 5473 | 56.1 | 2395 | 43.8 |
| 1–3 times/month | 1128 | 11.6 | 398 | 35.3 |
| 1–6 times/week | 1373 | 14.1 | 491 | 35.8 |
| Everyday | 1493 | 15.3 | 473 | 31.7 |
| Missing | 294 | 3.0 | 132 | 44.9 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never/former | 8408 | 86.1 | 3351 | 39.9 |
| Current | 777 | 8.0 | 280 | 36.0 |
| Missing | 576 | 5.9 | 258 | 44.8 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
| less than 25 | 7738 | 79.3 | 3106 | 40.1 |
| 25 or larger | 1633 | 16.7 | 606 | 37.1 |
| Missing | 390 | 4.0 | 177 | 45.4 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Cohabiting | 6121 | 62.7 | 2234 | 36.5 |
| Bereaved | 2863 | 29.3 | 1292 | 45.1 |
| Divorced | 159 | 1.6 | 62 | 39.0 |
| Separated | 189 | 1.9 | 105 | 55.6 |
| Unmarried | 94 | 1.0 | 41 | 43.6 |
| Missing | 335 | 3.4 | 155 | 46.3 |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Low | 1527 | 15.6 | 836 | 54.8 |
| Some low | 2104 | 21.6 | 940 | 44.7 |
| Middle | 4681 | 48.0 | 1645 | 35.1 |
| Some high | 777 | 8.0 | 242 | 31.2 |
| High | 205 | 2.1 | 54 | 26.3 |
| Missing | 467 | 4.8 | 172 | 36.8 |
| Number of cohabiters (Means, SD) | 2.94 | 2.00 | 2.86 | 1.98 |
| Social support b (Means, SD) | 4.93 | 1.87 | 4.72 | 1.96 |
| Emotional support | 2.59 | 0.86 | 2.50 | 0.92 |
| Instrumental support | 2.59 | 0.86 | 2.44 | 0.97 |
SD: standard deviation.
aPsychological distress denotes K6 scores ≥11.
bSocial support denotes the number of “people who help you” (items 1 to 6).