Table 1.

Hippo pathway components and major functions.

Drosophila	Mammals	Major functions in Hippo pathway
Hippo (Hpo)	MST1/2	Phosphorylate LATS1/2, MOB1, and SAV1, leading to LATS1/2 activation
Salvador (Sav)	SAV1	Interacts with MST1/2, promotes phosphorylation of LATS1/2 by MST1/2
Warts (Wts)	LATS1/2	Phosphorylate and inactivate YAP/TAZ
Mats	MOB1A/B	Scaffold protein of LATS1/2
Yorkie (Yki)	YAP/TAZ	Transcription co-activator, major effectors of the Hippo pathway
Scalloped (Sd)	TEAD1-4	Transcription factors mediate the effect of YAP/TAZ
Tgi	VGLL4	Competes with YAP/TAZ for TEADs, inhibits YAP/TAZ functions
misshapen (Msn)	MAP4K4	Activates LATS1/2
Merlin (Mer)	Merlin/NF2	May form a complex and mediates upstream signals (from plasma membrane) to MST1/2. NF2 may bring LATS1/2 to plasma membrane and facilitate its activation by MST1/2
Kibra	KIBRA
Expanded (Ex)	FRMD6?
	AMOT	Sequesters YAP/TAZ to cell junctions, binding and indirectly activates LATS1/2; a substrate of LATS1/2