Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Study Population
| Characteristic | Patients With URI N = 20,581 | Patients Who Received Antibiotics n = 1,343 |
|---|---|---|
| Year of encounter, No. (%) | ||
| 2007 | 3,071 (15) | 193 (6.3) |
| 2008 | 3,244 (16) | 223 (6.9) |
| 2009 | 4,336 (21) | 279 (6.4) |
| 2010 | 3,367 (16) | 204 (6.1) |
| 2011 | 3,369 (16) | 238 (7.1) |
| 2012 | 3,194 (16) | 206 (6.4) |
| Age, No. (%) | ||
| 3 mo to 4 y | 12,314 (60) | 707 (5.7) |
| 5–11 y | 5,036 (24) | 347 (6.9) |
| 12–18 y | 3,231 (16) | 289 (8.9) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||
| Female | 10,217 (50) | 681 (6.7) |
| Male | 10,364 (50) | 662 (6.4) |
| Race, ethnicity, No. (%) | ||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 16,007 (80) | 1,112 (6.9) |
| Other (non-Hispanic) | 1,094 (5) | 52 (4.8) |
| Hispanic | 1,385 (7) | 76 (5.5) |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 1,506 (8) | 66 (4.4) |
| Department, No. (%) | ||
| Family medicine | 6,803 (33) | 491 (7.2) |
| Urgent care | 3,987 (19) | 390 (9.8) |
| Pediatrics | 9,791 (48) | 462 (4.7) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||
| Yes | 4,730 (23) | 344 (6.5) |
| No | 15,851 (77) | 999 (6.3) |
| Health insurance, No. (%) | ||
| Medicaid | 3,506 (17) | 187 (5.3) |
| None | 2,901 (14) | 270 (9.3) |
| Commercial | 14,174 (69) | 886 (6.3) |
| Urbanization, No. (%) | ||
| Suburban | 10,723 (55) | 748 (7.0) |
| Rural | 3,072 (16) | 213 (6.9) |
| Urban | 5,714 (29) | 324 (5.7) |
| Community economic hardship index, No. (%) | ||
| <20 | 1,724 (9) | 115 (6.7) |
| 20 to <30 | 16,379 (84) | 1,088 (6.6) |
| ≥30 | 1,408 (7) | 82 (5.8) |
| Community education level (percentage with some college education), No. (%) | ||
| <50% | 1,842 (9) | 143 (7.8) |
| 50% to <70% | 7,382 (38) | 482 (6.5) |
| ≥70% | 10,285 (53) | 660 (6.4) |
URI = upper respiratory tract infection.