Table 2.
Baseline patient characteristics for all patients and by postindex OP treatment status
| Characteristic | All patients(N=126,188) | Treatment status
|
BIS treatment status among those being treated
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No treatment (N=91,021) | Initiated any treatment (N=35,167) | P-value | Initiated BIS treatment (N=27,267) | Initiated non-BIS treatment (N=7,900) | P-value | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 78.5 (7.9) | 78.7 (8.0) | 77.9 (7.4) | <0.0001 | 77.2 (7.1) | 80.2 (8.1) | <0.0001 |
| Age distribution, N (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
| 66–74 years | 43,156 (34.2) | 30,662 (33.7) | 12,494 (35.5) | 10,393 (38.1) | 2,101 (26.6) | ||
| 75–84 years | 50,882 (40.3) | 36,010 (39.6) | 14,872 (42.3) | 11,696 (42.9) | 3,176 (40.2) | ||
| >85 years | 32,150 (25.5) | 24,349 (26.8) | 7,801 (22.2) | 5,178 (19.0) | 2,623 (33.2) | ||
| Dual eligibility,a N (%) | 23,606 (18.7) | 16,416 (18.0) | 7,190 (20.5) | <0.0001 | 5,250 (19.3) | 1,940 (24.6) | <0.0001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD) | 1.53 (1.60) | 1.57 (1.63) | 1.42 (1.52) | <0.0001 | 1.35 (1.47) | 1.64 (1.63) | <0.0001 |
| Common OP-related comorbidities, N (%) | |||||||
| Chronic inflammatory bowel disease | 1,080 (0.9) | 771 (0.9) | 309 (0.9) | 0.58 | 238 (0.9) | 71 (0.9) | 0.83 |
| Chronic inflammatory joint disease | 74,323 (58.9) | 54,159 (59.6) | 20,164 (57.3) | <0.0001 | 15,326 (56.2) | 4,838 (61.2) | <0.0001 |
| Celiac disease | 206 (0.2) | 141 (0.2) | 65 (0.2) | 0.24 | 40 (0.2) | 25 (0.3) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes (type 1 or 2) | 36,565 (29.0) | 27,159 (29.8) | 9,406 (26.8) | <0.0001 | 7,387 (27.1) | 2,019 (25.6) | 0.007 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13,399 (10.6) | 10,029 (11.0) | 3,370 (9.6) | <0.0001 | 2,433 (8.9) | 937 (11.9) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 96,178 (76.2) | 69,802 (76.7) | 26,376 (75.0) | <0.0001 | 20,467 (75.1) | 5,909 (74.8) | 0.63 |
| Hyperparathyroidism | 1,224 (1.0) | 902 (1.0) | 322 (0.9) | 0.22 | 245 (0.9) | 77 (1.0) | 0.53 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 1,934 (1.5) | 1,450 (1.6) | 484 (1.4) | 0.01 | 366 (1.3) | 118 (1.5) | 0.31 |
| OP-related fractures, N (%) | |||||||
| Any fracture | 15,231 (12.1) | 10,263 (11.3) | 4,968 (14.1) | <0.0001 | 3,514 (12.9) | 1,454 (18.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hip | 4,278 (3.4) | 3,014 (3.3) | 1,264 (3.6) | 0.01 | 894 (3.3) | 370 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
| Vertebral | 5,367 (4.3) | 3,354 (3.7) | 2,013 (5.7) | <0.0001 | 1,287 (4.7) | 726 (9.2) | <0.0001 |
| Nonvertebral | 8,542 (6.8) | 5,915 (6.5) | 2,627 (7.5) | <0.0001 | 1,966 (7.2) | 661 (8.4) | 0.001 |
| GI-related drug use, N (%) | |||||||
| Glucocorticoids | 25,601 (20.3) | 18,000 (19.8) | 7,601 (21.6) | <0.0001 | 5,811 (21.3) | 1,790 (22.7) | 0.01 |
| NSAIDs | 30,251 (24.0) | 21,237 (23.3) | 9,014 (25.6) | <0.0001 | 7,176 (26.3) | 1,838 (23.3) | <0.0001 |
| Gastroprotective agents | |||||||
| Any agent | 40,748 (32.3) | 28,779 (31.6) | 11,969 (34.0) | <0.0001 | 8,495 (31.2) | 3,474 (44.0) | <0.0001 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 34,055 (27.0) | 23,919 (26.3) | 10,136 (28.2) | <0.0001 | 7,163 (26.3) | 2,973 (37.6) | <0.0001 |
| H2 antagonist | 8,881 (7.0) | 6,367 (7.0) | 2,514 (7.2) | 0.34 | 1,800 (6.6) | 714 (9.0) | <0.0001 |
| Cytoprotectants | 2,461 (2.0) | 1,730 (1.9) | 731 (2.1) | 0.04 | 482 (1.8) | 249 (3.2) | <0.0001 |
| Total pill burden,b mean (SD) | 7.8 (5.7) | 7.79 (5.71) | 7.83 (5.64) | 0.07 | 7.53 (5.52) | 8.85 (5.93) | <0.0001 |
| Total annual health care costs, mean USD (SD) | 24,999 (54,394) | 25,595 (55,954) | 23,456 (50,101) | 0.60 | 21,885 (47,736) | 28,882 (57,193) | <0.0001 |
Notes:
a
Eligible for Medicaid and Medicare;
b
count of distinct oral drug molecules in the baseline period.
Abbreviations: OP, osteoporosis; BIS, bisphosphonates; N, total number; SD, standard deviation; GI, gastrointestinal; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.