Table 5.

Logistic regression of the association of postdiagnosis GI events and the type of treatment initiated among those patients who initiated treatment

Independent variable	Bisphosphonate treatment initiation Bisphosphonate versus nonbisphosphonate
	Odds ratioa	95% CI		P-value
Presence of postdiagnosis GI event (ref: absence of postdiagnosis GI events)
Patients without a prediagnosis GI event	0.887	0.804	0.979	0.0171
Patients with a prediagnosis GI event	0.859	0.797	0.926	<0.0001
Baseline characteristics
Age at diagnosis (ref: 66–74 years)
75–84 years	0.801	0.752	0.854	<0.0001
≥85 years	0.521	0.485	0.559	<0.0001
Pill burden	0.970	0.964	0.976	<0.0001
Medication use
Gastroprotective agents	0.682	0.642	0.724	<0.0001
Glucocorticoids	1.291	1.211	1.377	<0.0001
NSAID	1.102	1.031	1.178	0.0043
Dual eligibility (yes)	0.818	0.767	0.871	<0.0001
Baseline bone mineral density testing (yes) in 6 months before the OP diagnosis	2.446	2.318	2.581	<0.0001
Charlson comorbidity index	0.956	0.933	0.981	0.0005
OP-related comorbidities
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease	1.030	0.779	1.360	0.8369
Chronic inflammatory joint disease	0.966	0.912	1.024	0.2453
Celiac disease	0.461	0.273	0.780	0.0039
Diabetes	1.285	1.195	1.381	<0.0001
Chronic kidney disease	0.933	0.850	1.023	0.1390
Hypertension	1.227	1.151	1.309	<0.0001
Hyperparathyroidism	0.914	0.697	1.198	0.5137
Vitamin D deficiency	0.881	0.707	1.097	0.2562
12-month health care costs	1.000	0.999	1.000	0.8289

Note:

^aAdjusted for patient baseline characteristics.

Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference group; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OP, osteoporosis.