Table 2.

Unique stressors and barriers for immigrant fathers

Source of stressor	Examples	Number of articles relevant
Financial	Lack of adequate employment and income; Poverty	11
Social Isolation	Leave strong social networks in home countries	3
Perceptions/Stigma	Stigma related to both, gender roles and children’s disabilities; Negative view from family	4
	Parents to blame for child’s condition
	Health care providers lack of understanding
Practical Barriers	Transportation limitations	1
Gender	Shift and reversal of gender roles	1
Language	Miscommunication	8
Culture	Cultural values, norms and traditions; Fears towards Western medicine	8
Discrimination	Immigrant minorities social and economic exclusion	1
Legal Status	Lack or limited access to health care services	2