Table 3.
Measures referring to cognitive-behavioral orientated therapy or to a specific setting.
| Instrument source | Basis Theoretical orientation Objective within the development | Short description | Assessment mode Raters Definition of scales | Valuation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objectivity | Reliability | Validity | ||||
| BEHAVIORAL ORIENTATED THERAPY—GLOBAL CODING | ||||||
| Cognitive Therapy Adherence-Competence Scale developed within the NIDA-CCTS (CTACS; Liese et al., 1995, cited from Barber et al., 2003) |
Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS; Young and Beck, 1980), CSPRS (Hollon et al., unpublished work), Current CT treatment manuals, format based on PACS-SE (Barber and Crits-Christoph, 1996) CT To provide a wider coverage of cognitive therapists' activities |
21 items, no subscales e.g., guided discovery, asking for evidence/alternative views, eliciting automatic thoughts, addressing key issues each item is rated separately for AD and COM | m (7-point Likert scale), session O No coding manual published, description of scales within (Barber et al., 2003) |
C | A | B |
| Cognitive Therapy Scale(CTS-R; Young and Beck, 1980, cited from Blackburn et al., 2001 diverse revisions, among others by Blackburn et al., 2001) | cognitive therapy manual (Beck et al., 1979) CT to measure competence in CT (for depression) |
11 items, 2 subscales: 1. general skills subscale: agenda setting, eliciting feedback, collaboration, pacing and efficient use of time, emphatic skills, professionalism 2. specific cognitive therapy skills subscale: guided discovery, conceptualization, focus on key cognitions, application of cognitive techniques, application of behavioral techniques, use of homework |
m (7-point scale), session O Coding manual available at: http://members.academyofct.org/files/documentlibrary/CTRS%281%29.pdf |
A | A | B |
| BEHAVIORAL ORIENTATED THERAPY—MICROANALYTIC CODING | ||||||
| Coding system for the Interaction in Psychotherapy (CIP; Schindler et al., 1989) | Review of literature; Verbal Response Modes (Stiles, 1978); Response Mode System (Snyder, 1945; Strupp, 1957; Hill et al., 1981; Elliott et al., 1982; Hahlweg et al., 1984) CBT To assess the patient-therapist interaction in behavior therapy |
19 items for therapist verbal behavior modes: 6 therapist dimensions: empathy (3 items), support (3 items), exploration (2 items), explanation (4 items), directivity (2 items), classification (3 items), 2 further categories: silence, remainder category |
d, sentence O Coding manual existent as an unpublished manual; description of categories within (Schindler et al., 1989) |
B | B | C |
| SPECIFIC SETTING | ||||||
| Adherence/competence scale for IDC for cocaine Dependence developed within the NIDA-CCTS (ACS-IDCCD; Barber et al., 1996) | Individual drug counseling (IDC) manual (Mercer and Woddy, 1992) IDC To assess treatment AD and COM in individual drug counseling (IDC) for the treatment of cocaine-dependence |
43 items, 5 subscales: 1. monitoring drug use behavior (6 items), 2. encouraging abstinence (8 items), 3. encouraging 12-step participation (5 items) 4. relapse prevention (5 items) 5. educating the client (5 items) 1 additional section: psychodynamic/cognitive interventions (4 items) 10 additional items without categorization each item is rated separately for AD and COM |
m (7-point Likert scale), session O Coding manual available from the author |
A | A | B |
| Sequential Code for Observing Process Change (SCOPE; Moyers and Martin, 2006) | Motivational Interviewing Skill Code (MISC, Moyers et al., 2003; Miller et al., 2008), Commitment Language Coding System (Amrhein et al., 2003) MI to evaluate the quality of motivational interviewing, to measure transition Probabilities and to categorize MI-relevant Verbal behavior between therapist behavior and client behavior during MI sessions |
46 items (30 therapist, 16 client items), 8 categories: client categories: 1. neutral utterances, 2. positive commitment language (change-talk), 3. negative commitment language (sustain-talk) counselors categories: 1. questions (open vs. closed) 2. reflections (simple vs. complex), 3. MI-consistent (affirmations, emphasizing the control of the client, seeking permission prior to providing information or advice, offering support), 4. MI-inconsistent (giving advice without permission, confronting clients with information about the target behavior, directing certain courses of action, stating an opinion about client behavior or attitudes, warning clients about consequences of the target behavior) 5. other |
d, utterance O MISC coding manual available at: casaa.unm.edu |
A | B | B |
| Yale Adherence and Competence Scale II (YACS; Carroll et al., 2000) | Review of session videotapes and treatment manuals To rate therapist AD and COM in delivering behavioral treatments for substance use disorders |
40 items, 6 subscales: 1. assessment (5 items), 2. general support (5 items), 3. goals of treatment (5 items), 4. clinical management (CM, 10 items), 5. twelve step facilitation (TSF, 9 items), 6. cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT, 6 items) each item is rated separately for AD and COM |
m (5-point Likert scale), session O Coding manual available at: http://www.mirecc.va.gov/visn1/docs/products/Yale_Adherence_and_Competence_Scale_II_Guidelines.pdf |
A | A | A |
m, metric; d, dichotomous; O, observer; CT, cognitive therapy, CM, clinical management; AD, adherence, COM, competence; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; CM, clinical management; TSF, twelve step facilitation; IDC, individual drug counseling; SD, standard deviation; SE, supportive expressive therapy; NIDA-CCTS, National Institute on Drug Abuse–Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study; CSPRS, Collaboratory Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale; PACS-SE, Penn Adherence-Competence Scale for Supportive-Expressive Therapy; MI, motivational interviewing. Evaluation criteria: A, no limitations; B, some restrictions; C, severe deficits (see text of the manuscript for details).