Figure 2.

Pathology of ventilation-induced brain inflammation and injury. Comparative immunohistological findings from the subcortical white matter of the parietal lobe from an unventilated control lamb (UVC; left panel) and a lamb ventilated with a high V _T (Vent; right panel). Lambs ventilated with a high V _T have larger, denser microglial aggregations (A,B), increased microglial density [(C,D); arrowheads indicate Iba-1 positive microglia], increased blood–brain barrier permeability evidenced by protein extravasation [(E,F); arrow indicates protein extravasation from the vessel labeled with an anti-sheep serum antibody] as well as increased astrogliosis [(G,H); arrowheads indicate GFAP-positive astrocytes]. Scale bar represents 50 μm. Images adapted from Ref. (73, 76).