Table 2.
Baseline and postintervention proprioception of patients with diabetes as well as referent data. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation.
| Referent group | Diabetic group baseline |
Diabetic group after intervention |
Intervention group Cohen's d |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative mean right ankle (°) | ||||
| Dorsiflexion | 0.85 ± 1.36 | 4.68 ± 2.75† | 2.10 ± 1.75∗ | 1.480 |
| Plantarflexion | 1.00 ± 0.98 | 2.20 ± 1.59 | 1.08 ± 0.76∗ | 1.211 |
| Absolute mean right ankle (°) | ||||
| Dorsiflexion | 1.80 ± 0.70 | 4.98 ± 2.41† | 2.30 ± 1.64∗ | 1.738 |
| Plantarflexion | 1.45 ± 0.45 | 2.65 ± 1.24† | 1.30 ± 0.76∗ | 1.837 |
|
| ||||
| Relative mean left ankle (°) | ||||
| Dorsiflexion | 1.45 ± 0.64 | 3.95 ± 3.33 | 1.83 ± 1.78∗ | 1.173 |
| Plantarflexion | 0.58 ± 1.10 | 2.88 ± 2.25 | 1.00 ± 0.99 | 1.609 |
| Absolute mean left ankle (°) | ||||
| Dorsiflexion | 1.60 ± 0.59 | 4.45 ± 2.85† | 1.93 ± 1.74∗ | 1.352 |
| Plantarflexion | 1.63 ± 0.46 | 3.08 ± 2.13† | 1.30 ± 0.83∗ | 1.527 |
∗Significant change between pre- and posttest for diabetic group (p ≤ 0.05).
†Significant difference between referent group and diabetic group at baseline (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences remained at posttest between groups.