Table 3.
Relationship between echocardiography and potential risk factors.
| HCE+ (n = 30) | HCE− (n = 78) | p | MCH+ (n = 19) | MCH− (n = 89) | p | GVE+ (n = 8) | GVE− (n = 100) | p | DFD+ (n = 22) | DFD− (n = 86) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n | 16 | 28 | 0.10 | 6 | 38 | 0.37 | 4 | 40 | 0.86 | 7 | 37 | 0.34 |
| Age, years | 42.6 ± 12.8 | 40.7 ± 12.7 | 0.48 | 52.9 ± 7.4 | 38.7 ± 12.2 | <0.001 | 46.4 ± 14.6 | 40.8 ± 12.6 | 0.24 | 53.1 ± 7.7 | 38.2 ± 12.0 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.5 ± 4.4 | 27.0 ± 6.1 | 0.24 | 31.6 ± 9.4 | 26.6 ± 4.1 | <0.001 | 29.5 ± 5.4 | 27.3 ± 5.7 | 0.30 | 31.7 ± 8.7 | 26.4 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n | 17 | 29 | 0.07 | 10 | 36 | 0.33 | 4 | 42 | 0.95 | 12 | 34 | 0.20 |
| HT, n | 10 | 20 | 0.42 | 8 | 22 | 0.13 | 5 | 25 | 0.06 | 10 | 20 | 0.04 |
| DM, n | 15 | 44 | 0.55 | 15 | 44 | 0.02 | 5 | 54 | 0.92 | 17 | 42 | 0.02 |
| Dyslipidemia, n | 6 | 9 | 0.41 | 6 | 9 | 0.04 | 0 | 15 | 0.52 | 7 | 8 | 0.02 |
| Nadir GH, ng/mL | 29.8 ± 60.4 | 18.1 ± 27.2 | 0.31 | 11.4 ± 12.9 | 23.5 ± 42.7 | 0.23 | 38.9 ± 71.9 | 20.0 ± 35.8 | 0.49 | 8.7 ± 11.1 | 24.7 ± 43.2 | 0.003 |
| Fasting GH, ng/mL | 32.9 ± 64.5 | 25.3 ± 34.3 | 0.54 | 18.2 ± 26.2 | 29.4 ± 47.4 | 0.33 | 54.3 ± 92.3 | 25.2 ± 38.5 | 0.41 | 11.3 ± 11.8 | 31.5 ± 48.8 | 0.001 |
| IGF-1, ng/mL | 809.6 ± 403.3 | 800.0 ± 311.4 | 0.91 | 802.4 ± 278.0 | 802.7 ± 350.2 | >0.99 | 940.8 ± 340.9 | 791.6 ± 336.5 | 0.23 | 753.5 ± 306.0 | 815.2 ± 345.6 | 0.45 |
| DD, month | 93.9 ± 58.2 | 71.6 ± 64.0 | 0.09 | 101.1 ± 77.9 | 72.8 ± 58.6 | 0.04 | 172.5 ± 50.1 | 75.8 ± 63.6 | <0.001 | 108.1 ± 77.3 | 70.0 ± 56.7 | 0.002 |
HCE = heart chamber expansion; MCH = myocardial hypertrophy; DFD = diastolic function decline; GVE = great vessel expansion; HT = hypertension; DM = diabetes mellitus; BMI = body mass index; DD = disease duration; and IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor.