Table 1.

Clinical/imaging studies reporting delusions associated with volumetric or morphological changes in the claustrum.

Reference	Study	Within study prevalence of delusions	Results
Bruen et al. (62)	In vivo, MRI: 31 patients/Alzheimer’s disease	16% Of patients	High delusion scores correlated significantly with low grey mater density values in: right inferior frontal gyrus; right inferior parietal lobule, left inferior and medial frontal gyri, left claustrum
Cascella et al. (61)	In vivo, MRI: 43 patients/schizophrenia	70% Of patients	Significant inverse correlations between ratings of the severity of delusions and volumes of: the left claustrum and the right insula
			No significant correlation between cerebral gray mater volume and ratings of hallucinations
Bernstein et al. (64)	Postmortem: 14 patients/schizophrenia: 15 normal control subjects	57% Of patients (8/14 patients) exhibit positive symptoms (no specific data for delusions and hallucinations frequency)	Estimated claustrum volume reductions were between 25 and 30% of controls. Moreover, when dividing the schizophrenia group (14 patients) into “paranoid schizophrenia” (8 patients) and “residual schizophrenia” (6 patients) subgroups, the significant bilateral volume reductions in schizophrenia subjects were found to be (mainly) caused by the paranoid schizophrenia group