Table 2. Association of baseline homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 with incident chronic kidney diseasea.
| Variables | Subjects (N) | CKD Events (n[%]) | Crude Model |
Adjusted Modelb |
Hcy, FA, vitamin B12 Fully Adjusted Modelc |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
| Homocysteine (μmol/L) | ||||||||
| Continuous (log transformed) | 2387 | 69 (2.9) | 3.32 (2.12 ~ 5.21) | <0.001 | 2.17 (1.15 ~ 4.10) | 0.017 | 2.44 (1.26 ~ 4.72) | 0.008 |
| Tertiles: | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 (men<12.8 μM/L, women <10.2 μMmol/L) | 796 | 7 (0.9) | 1 (ref) | – | 1 (ref) | – | 1 (ref) | – |
| Tertile 2 (men12.8–16.5 μM/L, women 10.2–13.1 μMmol/L) | 793 | 16 (2.0) | 2.32 (0.95 ~ 5.67) | 0.065 | 1.29 (0.51 ~ 3.29) | 0.591 | 1.50 (0.55 ~ 4.1) | 0.428 |
| Tertile 3 (men>16.5 μM/L, women >13.1 μM/L) | 798 | 46 (5.8) | 6.89 (3.09 ~ 15.37) | <0.001 | 2.46 (1.05 ~ 5.77) | 0.038 | 3.23 (1.25 ~ 8.35) | 0.016 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.003 | |||||
| Folate (nmol/L) | ||||||||
| Continuous (per 5 nmol/L increase) | 2296 | 68 (3.0) | 0.72 (0.47 ~ 1.10) | 0.129 | 0.83 (0.54 ~ 1.28) | 0.409 | 0.92 (0.62 ~ 1.37) | 0.685 |
| Tertiles: | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 (men<5.1 nM/L, women<6.3 nM/L) | 765 | 26 (3.4) | 1 (ref) | − | 1 (ref) | − | 1 (ref) | – |
| Tertile 2 (men5.1 ~ 7.2 nM/L, women:6.3 ~ 9.2 nM/L) | 765 | 23 (3.0) | 0.88 (0.50 ~ 1.56) | 0.663 | 1.06 (0.57 ~ 1.97) | 0.849 | 1.17 (0.63 ~ 2.20) | 0.618 |
| Tertile 3 (men>7.2 nM/L, women >9.2 nM/L) | 766 | 19 (2.5) | 0.72 (0.40~1.32) | 0.289 | 0.99 (0.52 ~ 1.90) | 0.974 | 1.31 (0.67 ~ 2.59) | 0.431 |
| P for trend | 0.290 | 0.985 | 0.422 | |||||
| Vitamin B12 (pg/ml) | ||||||||
| Continuous (per 100 pg/ml increase) | 2296 | 68 (3.0) | 1.04 (0.91 ~ 1.20) | 0.542 | 1.03 (0.89 ~ 1.19) | 0.681 | 1.08 (0.94 ~ 1.24) | 0.283 |
| Tertiles: | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 (<341.7 pg/ml) | 765 | 20 (2.6) | 1 (ref) | – | 1 (ref) | – | 1 (ref) | – |
| Tertile 2 (341.7 ~ 430.2pg/ml) | 765 | 29 (3.8) | 1.47 (0.82 ~ 2.62) | 0.194 | 1.41 (0.75 ~ 2.66) | 0.283 | 1.63 (0.86 ~ 3.09) | 0.138 |
| Tertile 3 (>430.2 pg/ml) | 766 | 19 (2.5) | 0.95 (0.50 ~ 1.79) | 0.868 | 0.88 (0.44 ~ 1.77) | 0.728 | 1.17 (0.56 ~ 2.41) | 0.678 |
| P for trend | 0.877 | 0.708 | 0.655 | |||||
Abbreviations: ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FA, folate; Hcy, homocysteine; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
aIncident chronic kidney disease was defined as follow-up eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR decline rate >1 ml/min/1.73 m2/year.
bHomocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 were individually included in the multivariate model as continuous or categorical variables. Model was adjusted for age, gender, SBP, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, body mass index, eGFR, previous use of ACEIs/ARBs, and SBP at the endpoint of the follow-up.
cHomocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 were all included in the multivariate model as continuous or categorical variables. Model was adjusted for age, gender, SBP, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, body mass index, eGFR, previous use of ACEIs/ARBs, and SBP at the endpoint of the follow-up.