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. 2015 Nov 10;5:16179. doi: 10.1038/srep16179

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Clear oxygen under-saturation exists below 60 m, which is a signature of the upper halocline water (UHW)¹⁶. This signature is formed in the Chukchi Sea as Pacific winter water and locally formed shelf bottom water by mineralization of organic matter¹⁶. Left: Cruise track during R/V Polarstern cruise ARK-XXVI/3 (TransArc, 2011) created with JMT. The background image gives sea ice concentration on 15 September 2011. Map is generated with MATLAB 2013b.