Table 2. .

Mean Pressure Experienced From Different Groups by Respondent Characteristics, and Differences in Pressure Experienced Within Each Set of Categories of Respondent Characteristics

Characteristica	Athletic Trainer			Physician
	Mean (95% Confidence IntervaI)b	F Value	P Valuec	Mean (95% Confidence IntervaI)b	F Value	P Valuec
Outcome: pressure from clinicians
All respondents	1.75 (1.66, 1.84)			2.37 (2.01, 2.73)
Division of competition
I	1.87 (1.72, 2.01)			2.53 (2.08, 2.98)
II	1.65 (1.44, 1.85)	2.72	.07	1.73 (0.93, 2.53)	1.29	.28
III	1.64 (1.50, 1.79)			2.00 (1.11, 2.89)
Respondent sex
Male	1.70 (1.59, 1.81)			2.18 (1.80, 2.56)
Female	1.81 (1.65, 1.99)	1.23	.26	3.54 (2.31, 4.76)	7.21	.009
Supervisory structure
Athletic department	1.76 (1.60, 1.91)			2.34 (1.90, 2.78)
Medical institution	1.60 (1.41, 2.37)	0.42	.52	2.05 (1.44, 2.66)	0.52	.47
Provide care for contact or collision sports?
Yes	1.74 (1.65, 1.83)			Not applicabled
No	2.06 (1.36, 2.76)	1.19	.28	Not applicabled
Outcome: pressure from coaches
All respondents	4.24 (4.09, 4.39)			3.54 (3.12, 3.96)
Division of competition
I	4.37 (4.14, 4.59)e			3.74 (3.25, 4.23)
II	4.54 (4.20, 4.89)e	6.35	.002	3.18 (1.81, 4.55)	1.64	.20
III	3.83 (3.56, 4.10)f			2.60 (1.20, 4.00)
Respondent sex
Male	4.06 (3.87, 4.26)			3.51 (3.03, 4.00)
Female	4.49 (4.23, 4.75)	6.69	.01	3.92 (2.81, 5.04)	0.45	.50
Supervisory structure
Athletic department	4.28 (4.12, 4.44)			3.59 (3.07, 4.11)
Medical institution	3.68 (3.00, 4.36)	3.16	.08	3.32 (2.47, 4.17)	0.29	.59
Provide care for contact or collision sports?
Yes	4.22 (4.06, 4.38)			Not applicabled
No	4.71 (3.77, 5.64)	0.99	.32	Not applicabled
Outcome: pressure from athletes
All respondents	4.60 (4.45, 4.75)			4.84 (4.48, 5.20)
Division of competition
I	4.54 (4.33, 4.76)			4.82 (4.40, 5.23)
II	4.96 (4.65, 5.28)	2.93	.05	5.09 (3.84, 6.35)	0.16	.86
III	4.46 (4.19, 4.73)			4.70 (3.44, 5.96)
Respondent sex
Male	4.53 (4.34, 4.72)			4.85 (4.43, 5.27)
Female	4.68 (4.44, 4.92)	1.12	.34	4.69 (3.86, 5.52)	0.09	.77
Supervisory structure
Athletic department	4.63 (4.47, 4.79)			4.88 (4.42, 5.34)
Medical institution	4.22 (3.52, 4.92)	1.64	.21	4.59 (3.82, 5.35)	0.41	.52
Provide care for contact or collision sports?
Yes	4.60 (4.45, 4.75)			Not applicabled
No	4.41 (3.49, 5.33)	0.16	.69	Not applicabled

^aRange for all pressure outcomes was 1 to 7, with higher values indicating greater perceived pressure.

^bMean pressure experienced by respective stakeholder population by each categorical respondent characteristic.

^cP value for within-characteristic comparisons of mean pressure experienced by respective stakeholder populations. We used 1-way analyses of variance to assess between-groups differences.

^dNo mean differences were reported for physicians because all but 1 reported providing patient care to contact or collision teams.

^eCompared with Division III.

^fCompared with Divisions I and II.