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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 10.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Brain Res. 2015 Mar 21;233(6):1677–1688. doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4241-9

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Stable grip without slippage requires that each phalanx’s force not deviate from the direction normal to the object surface more than the cone of friction angle (θ), determined as arctangent of the coefficient of friction (COF) between the hand and grasped object (MacKenzie and Iberall 1994). Phalanx force deviations outside the cone of friction can lead to hand-object slippage.