OCD-spectrum |
Face |
Ability to induce behaviors resembling compulsions or stereotypies. Repetitive, self-injurious grooming. Perseverative burying |
Construct |
Involvement of orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia |
Predictive |
Response to SSRIs. Response to high-frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus or ventromedial striatum |
Rett syndrome |
Face |
Normal early development followed by developmental regression and motor abnormalities |
Construct |
Neuropathological abnormalities: smaller, more densely packed neurons |
Predictive |
Unknown |
Dystonia |
Face |
Abnormal twisting movements, hyperactivity, action-induced abnormal movements |
Construct |
Deficient cortical and basal ganglia inhibition, maladaptive plasticity, sensory abnormalities, targeting genes known to be involved in human disease |
Predictive |
Response to trihexyphenidyl or DBS |