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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 10.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Dev Biol. 2014;109:97–169. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397920-9.00001-9

Table 3.2.

Validity

Disorder Validity
OCD-spectrum Face Ability to induce behaviors resembling compulsions or stereotypies. Repetitive, self-injurious grooming. Perseverative burying
Construct Involvement of orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia
Predictive Response to SSRIs. Response to high-frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus or ventromedial striatum
Rett syndrome Face Normal early development followed by developmental regression and motor abnormalities
Construct Neuropathological abnormalities: smaller, more densely packed neurons
Predictive Unknown
Dystonia Face Abnormal twisting movements, hyperactivity, action-induced abnormal movements
Construct Deficient cortical and basal ganglia inhibition, maladaptive plasticity, sensory abnormalities, targeting genes known to be involved in human disease
Predictive Response to trihexyphenidyl or DBS