Table 1. Overview of memory performance.

	Cue	Cue+feedback	Uncued	F	P-Value
False-feedback group
Cued recall
Learning	20.07±1.08	20.50±1.08	20.28±1.02	2.07	0.14
Retrieval	19.92±1.04	18.79±1.04	18.28±1.09	5.21	0.01*
Change	−0.15±0.40	−1.71±0.29	−2.00±0.61	7.91	0.002**
% Change	99.61±2.19	91.75±1.29	90.18±2.80	8.04	0.002**
Correct-feedback group
Cued recall
Learning	20.61±1.98	21.23±1.95	21.07±1.98	2.38	0.12
Retrieval	20.23±2.14	19.23±1.93	19.23±2.10	4.09	0.02*
Change	−0.38±0.54	−2.00±0.46	−1.84±0.44	7.44	0.003**
% Change	97.88±2.94	90.14±2.17	89.76±2.54	5.74	0.008**
	Cue+late feedback	Cue+tone	Uncued	F	P-Value
Control group
Cued recall
Learning	18.12±1.32	17.75±1.29	17.81±1.29	3.61	0.04*
Retrieval	17.56±1.28	15.62±1.36	15.87±1.20	7.09	0.003**
Change	−0.68±0.48	−2.00±0.48	−1.87±0.37	3.37	0.04*
% Change	97.61±2.45	87.61±3.25	89.51±2.21	5.95	0.007**

Data are means±s.e.m.; numbers indicate absolute or relative values of correctly recalled words that were presented during the retention interval (one-third as cues, one-third as cues+feedback; 80 in total) or not (one-third uncued words; 40 in total). Please note that the false and the correct sleep group differed with regards to the feedback. While for the false sleep group incorrect feedback was replayed during sleep, feedback in the correct sleep group was correct. In the control group, word pairs were as well assigned to one of the three categories each consisting of 40 stimuli: one-third as cues+late feedback (1,500 ms instead of 200 ms intestimulus interval), one-third as cues+tone or not (one-third uncued words). For cued recall testing, number of correctly recalled words during the learning phase before and the retrieval phase after the retention interval are indicated. Change (% change) refers to the absolute (relative) difference in performance between learning and retrieval phases. *P<0.05; **P<0.01.