Table 1.

Linear model parameters, including 95 % confidence intervals and performance measures (adjusted R² and MAE) for gradients estimated with (S) and without (NS) snow

		Taxonomic (n = 100)		Functional
		Richness	Simpson index	NMDS	Height (n = 98)	SLA (n = 95)	Functional diversity (n = 67)	Chlorophyll (n = 74)
GSL (S)	Intercept, estimated	10·933	0·760	0·507	–1·933	11·712	0·052	17·952
	Intercept, lower	5·529	0·730	0·429	–4·373	10·169	0·040	4·562
	Intercept, upper	16·337	0·791	0·585	0·507	13·255	0·065	31·342
	Slope, estimated	0·288	0·001	–7·78 × 10–3	0·196	0·035	7·56 × 10–4	0·296
	Slope, lower	0·208	0·001	–8·94 × 10–3	0·160	0·012	5·70 × 10–4	0·113
	Slope, upper	0·368	0·002	–6·62 × 10–3	0·231	0·057	9·43 × 10–4	0·478
	MAE	6·673	0·035	0·096	2·804	1·784	0·012	11·008
	R2 (adjusted)	0·334***	0·292***	0·641***	0·543***	0·080**	0·495***	0·114**
GSL (NS)	Intercept, estimated	–128·947	–0·056	4·523	–84·062	–4·082	–0·335	–336·700
	Intercept, lower	–178·584	–0·316	3·804	–110·305	–17·904	–0·467	–472·083
	Intercept, upper	–79·311	0·205	5·243	–57·820	9·741	–0·202	–201·309
	Slope, estimated	1·147	8·37 × 10–3	–0·042	0·871	0·166	4·0 × 10–3	3·410
	Slope, lower	1·000	5·97 × 10–3	–0·048	0·630	0·039	2·79 × 10–3	2·181
	Slope, upper	1·913	10·8 × 10–3	–0·035	1·112	0·293	5·22 × 10–3	4·640
	MAE	7·787	0·035	0·096	3·530	1·801	0·013	9·914
	R2 (adjusted)	0·283***	0·324***	0·609***	0·342***	0·057*	0·390***	0·288***
Solar (S)	Intercept, estimated	13·549	0·771	0·438	–0·763	11·137	0·056	25·270
	Intercept lower	8·174	0·741	0·353	–3·164	9·731	0·044	12·040
	Intercept upper	18·924	0·800	0·523	1·639	12·543	0·068	38·500
	Slope, estimated	3·88 × 10–5	2·03 × 10–7	–1·05 × 10–6	2·79 × 10–5	6·817 × 10–6	1·073 × 10–7	3·00 × 10–5
	Slope lower	2·63 × 10–5	1·35 × 10–7	–1·25 × 10–6	2·23 × 10–5	3·596 × 10–6	7·96 × 10–8	1·848 × 10–6
	Slope upper	5·13 × 10–5	2·71 × 10–7	–8·57 × 10–7	3·41 × 10–5	1·004 × 10–5	1·35 × 10–7	5·810 × 10–5
	MAE	6·953	0·036	0·107	2·941	1·705	0·012	10·894
	R2 (adjusted)	0·273***	0·257***	0·531***	0·505***	0·151***	0·471***	0·046*
Solar (NS)	Intercept, estimated	60·842	0·941	–0·617	13·897	2·696	0·099	113·500
	Intercept, lower	38·285	0·816	–1·059	1·357	–2·328	0·025	69·508
	Intercept, upper	83·399	1·066	–0·174	26·438	7·721	0·174	157·568
	Slope, estimated	–4·28 × 10–5	–1·19 × 10–7	8·50 × 10–7	–4·37 × 10–6	1·531 × 10–5	1·62 × 10–9	–1·02 × 10–4
	Slope, lower	–7·33 × 10–5	–2·88 × 10–7	2·51 × 10–7	–4·37 × 10–6	8·504 × 10–6	–9·80 × 10–8	–1·61 × 10–4
	Slope, upper	–1·22 × 10–5	5·066 × 10–8	1·45 × 10–7	–4·37 × 10–6	2·211 × 10–5	1·01 × 10–7	–4·19 × 10–6
	MAE	7·745	0·041	0·160	4·132	1·572	0·018	10·418
	R2 (adjusted)	0·064**	0·009	0·065**	–0·008	0·168***	–0·015	0·126**

P values: * P < 0·05, ** P < 0·01, *** P < 0·001.

NMDS, scores from the first axis of NMDS ordination; SLA, community-weighted mean specific leaf area.