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. 2015 Feb 11;35(6):993–1004. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.11

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Glutamic acid excitotoxicity model. (A) Peptides incubated±heparin (20 IU/mL) for 5 minutes at room temperature before being added to neuronal cultures for 10 minutes only, and then removed before glutamic acid exposure. Neuronal viability measured 24 hours after glutamic acid. (B) Neuronal cultures incubated±heparin (40 IU/mL) for 5 minutes at 37 °C before the addition of peptides or glutamate receptor blockers (Blks: 5 μmol/L MK801/5 μmol/L CNQX) for 10 minutes only, and then removed before glutamic acid exposure. Neuronal viability measured 24 hours after glutamic acid. (C) Neuroprotective efficacy of JNKI-1 peptide fused to the kFGF or TAT CPPs. Peptides present in neuronal cultures for 15 minutes before and during the 5-minute glutamic acid exposure. Neuronal viability measured 12 hours after glutamic acid. Concentration of peptide in μmol/L. MTS data were expressed as percentage neuronal viability with no insult control taken as 100% viability (mean±s.d.; n=4; *P<0.05). CPP, cell-penetrating peptide; kFGF, Kaposi fibroblast growth factor; MTS, 3-(4,5,dimethyliazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt.