. 2015 Apr 22;35(7):1055–1068. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.76

Table 3. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of white matter damage, amyloid-β (Aβ), and neuronal injury in mild dementia (i.e., MCI) and AD compared with cognitively normal individuals.

	Mild dementia	AD
White matter damage
MBP	No existing literature	No change^{162, 179}
MAG	No existing literature	No existing literature

Aβ peptide
Aβ-42	↓Downregulation^{141, 183}	↓Downregulation^{130, 148, 184}

Neuronal injury
Total tau	↑Upregulation^{141, 183}	↑Upregulation^{130, 148, 184}
pTau	↑Upregulation^{183, 187}	↑Upregulation^{130, 184}
NSE	No existing literature	No change¹⁶² ↑Upregulation^{192, 193}
Neurofilament-L	No existing literature	↑Upregulation^{190, 191}

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; Aβ, amyloid-β; MAG, myelin-associated glycoprotein; MBP, myelin basic protein; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; pTau, phosphorylated tau.