Table 2.
Baseline description of the study population
| No analgesia n = 275 | Pentazocine n = 888 | Ketamine n = 713 | Total | Group comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 28 (21–39) | 30 (22–38) | 28 (20–36) | 28 (21–37) | p = 0.08. No significant differences between groups. |
| Time from injury to first in-field encounter (hours) | 0.5 (0.5–1.0) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 0.5 (0.5–1) | 0.5 (0.5–1) | p = 0.02. |
| Ketamine vs pentazocine group: p = 0.04. | |||||
| Time from injury to hospital admission (hours) | 2 (1.5–3.0) | 2 (1.5–3.0) | 3 (2.0–4.5) | 2.5 (2–3.5) | p = <0.0001 |
| Ketamine vs no analgesia p = <0.0001 | |||||
| Ketamine vs pentazocine p = <0.0001 | |||||
| PSS at first in-field encounter | 10 (7–11) | 10 (4–9) | 10 (9–11) | 10 (9–11) | p = <0.0001 |
| Pentazocine vs no analgesia p = <0.0001 | |||||
| Ketamine vs no analgesia p = <0.0001 | |||||
| Injury severity score (ISS) | 5 (4–13) | 5 (4–9) | 9 (4–9) | 5 (4–9) | p = <0.0001 |
| Pentazocine vs no analgesia p = <0.0001 | |||||
| Ketamine vs no analgesia p = <0.0001 | |||||
| Males (proportion) | 233/275 = 0.85 | 672/888 = 0.76 | 602/713 = 0.84 | 1507/1876 = 0.80 | p = <0.0001 |
| All groups significantly different. | |||||
| Blunt injury (proportion) | 196/275 = 0.71 | 730/888 = 0.82 | 192/713 = 0.27 | 1118/1876 = 0.60 | p = <0.0001 |
| All groups significantly different. |
Continuous values are expressed as median with 25–75 % interquartile range. Proportions are expressed as actual number followed by the calculated proportion