Figure 1.
(A) Parkinson's disease (PD)-related cognitive pattern (PDCPGR) derived by spatial covariance analysis of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic scans from the Groningen cohort of 19 PD patients. This pattern was characterized by metabolic decreases in the caudate nucleus, thalamus and presupplementary motor area (preSMA), posterior cingulate cortex and parietal regions, with metabolic increases in the cerebellum (lobule VI/Crus I) and anterior cingulate cortex. (Voxels with negative region weights (metabolic decreases) are color-coded blue and those with positive region weights (metabolic increases) are color-coded red. The regions shown represent those that contributed significantly to the network, displayed at Z=2.44 (P<0.01) for blue regions and at Z=1.96 (P<0.05) for red regions and were demonstrated to be reliable (P<0.01; 1000 iterations) by bootstrap resampling. Left hemisphere was labeled as ‘L'.) (B) In the 19 PD subjects, PDCPGR expression exhibited a significant correlation (r=−0.72, P=0.001) with Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores. (C) Likewise, the expression of the original PD-related cognitive pattern (PDCPNS) previously derived from the North Shore sample also correlated significantly (r=−0.63, P<0.005) with FAB scores measured in the same 19 PD patients. BA, Brodmann area.